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Interferon-induced antiviral RNA-binding protein that specifically binds single-stranded RNA bearing a 5'-triphosphate group (PPP-RNA), thereby acting as a sensor of viral single-stranded RNAs and inhibiting expression of viral messenger RNAs. Single-stranded PPP-RNAs, which lack 2'-O-methylation of the 5' cap and bear a 5'-triphosphate group instead, are specific from viruses, providing a molecular signature to distinguish between self and non-self mRNAs by the host during viral infection. Directly binds PPP-RNA in a non-sequence-specific manner. Viruses evolved several ways to evade this restriction system such as encoding their own 2'-O-methylase for their mRNAs or by stealing host cap containing the 2'-O-methylation (cap snatching mechanism). Exhibits antiviral activity against several viruses including human papilloma and hepatitis C viruses.
C56; G10P1; Garg16; GARG-16; glucocorticoid-attenuated response gene 16 product; glucocorticoid-attenuated response gene 16 protein; Ifi56; IFI-56; IFI-56K; IFIT1; IFIT-1; IFNAI1; interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1; interferon, alpha-inducible protein (MW 56kD); interferon-induced 56 kDa protein; Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1; interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1-like protein; interferon-inducible mRNA 561; Isg56; P56; RNM561
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