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Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin family of receptors, plays an integral role in signal transduction, and T cell differentiation and activation. CD8 is predominantly expressed on T cells as a disulfide-linked heterodimer of CD8alpha and CD8beta, where it functions as a co-receptor, along with T cell receptor (TCR), for major histocompatibilty complex class I (MHC-I) molecules; whereas its counterpart, CD4, acts as a co-receptor for MHC-II molecules. CD8 exists on the cell surface, where the CD8alpha chain is essential for binding to MHC-I. CD8 is also expressed on a subset of T cells, NK cells, monocytes and dendritic cells as disulfide-linked homodimers of CD8alpha. Ligation of MHC-I/peptide complexes presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), triggers the recruitment of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck), which leads to lymphokine production, motility and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation. Once activated, CTLs play a crucial role in the clearance of pathogens and tumor cells. Differentiation of naive CD8+ T cells into CTLs is strongly enhanced by IL-2, IL-12 and TGF-beta1.
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Protein Aliases: CD8 antigen 32 kDa chain; CD8 antigen 37 kDa chain; CD8 antigen alpha-chain; CD8 antigen beta-chain; CD8 antigen, alpha chain; CD8 antigen, alpha polypeptide (p32); CD8 antigen, alpha-chain; CD8 antigen, beta chain; CD8 antigen, beta polypeptide 1 (p37); CD8 antigen, beta-chain; CD8a; CD8alpha; CD8b; CD8beta; fCD8; Leu-2; leu-2a; Leu2 T-lymphocyte antigen; Lymphocyte antigen 3; Lyt-2.1 lymphocyte differentiation antigen (AA at 100); OKT8 T-cell antigen; OX-8 membrane antigen; T cell co-receptor; T lymphocyte surface glycoprotein beta chain; T-cell antigen Leu2; T-cell membrane glycoprotein Ly-3; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 beta chain; T-cell surface glycoprotein Lyt-2; T-cell surface glycoprotein Lyt-3; T-lymphocyte differentiation antigen T8/Leu-2; T8 T-cell antigen
Gene Aliases: BB154331; CD8; CD8A; CD8B; CD8B1; LEU2; Ly-2; Ly-3; Ly-35; Ly-B; Ly-C; LY3; Lyt-2; Lyt-3; Lyt2; LYT3; MAL; p32; P37
UniProt ID: (Human) P01732, (Human) P10966, (Mouse) P01731, (Rat) P07725, (Rat) P05541, (Mouse) P10300
Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 925, (Human) 926, (Mouse) 12525, (Rat) 24930, (Rat) 24931, (Mouse) 12526
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