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Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant tumor syndrome caused by mutations in either of the TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes. The products of these genes form a protein complex that indirectly decreases the signaling of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (TOR), an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell growth and cell cycle through its ability to integrate signals from nutrient levels and growth factors. TOR activity is stimulated by Rheb, a member of the Ras superfamily of G-proteins, when the GTP/GDP ratio bound to Rheb is high. Immunoprecipitated TSC1/TSC2 has been shown to stimulate Rheb GTPase activity in vitro, suggesting that the TSC1/TSC2 decreases the ability of Rheb to stimulate TOR activity. This is supported by experiments showing overexpression of TSC1 and TSC2 results in a significant decrease in the GTP/GDP ratio bound to Rheb and the inhibition of cell growth. A shorter 40 kDa isoform of TSC1 has been shown to exist but its function is unknown.
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Protein Aliases: Hamartin; HGNC:12362; MGC86987; OTTHUMP00000022439; OTTHUMP00000198378; Tuberous sclerosis 1 protein; Tuberous sclerosis 1 protein homolog; tumor suppressor
Gene Aliases: KIAA0243; LAM; TSC; TSC1
UniProt ID: (Human) Q92574, (Mouse) Q9EP53
Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 7248, (Mouse) 64930
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