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Invitrogen
This Antibody was verified by Cell treatment to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated.
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Description: The monoclonal antibody eBio3A3-N2 reacts with human IL-21, a potent stimulator of NK and cytolytic T cells. IL-21 is a 131 amino acid protein most closely related to IL-2 and IL-15. Expression is found in CD4+ cells upon activation. In addition to its effect on NK cells, IL-21 stimulates proliferation of B-cell stimulated by crosslinking of the CD40 antigen and stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow progenitor cells and the expression of the NK-cell marker CD56 in the presence of IL-15.
Applications Reported: This eBio3A3-N2 (3A3-N2) antibody has been reported for use in intracellular staining followed by flow cytometric analysis.
Applications Tested: This eBio3A3-N2 (3A3-N2) antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by intracellular staining and flow cytometric analysis of restimulated, Th17-polarized normal human peripheral blood cells. This can be used at 5 µL (0.125 µg) per test. A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. Cell number should be determined empirically but can range from 10^5 to 10^8 cells/test.
Staining for IL-21 has shown donor variability. stimulation times may vary depending on the donor and should be optimized. Increased staining levels have been observed on Th17-polarized normal human peripheral blood cells.
eFluor® 660 is a replacement for Alexa Fluor® 647. eFluor® 660 emits at 659 nm and is excited with the red laser (633 nm). Please make sure that your instrument is capable of detecting this fluorochome.
Excitation: 633-647 nm; Emission: 668 nm; Laser: Red Laser.
Filtration: 0.2 µm post-manufacturing filtered.
IL-21 is a 17 kDa immunomodulatory cytokine produced mainly by Natural Killer Cells (NKT), T helper (Th) 17 and T follicular helper (TFH) cells. In TFH cells, IL-21 expression leads to autocrine signaling through the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) and STAT3, which leads to additional transcriptional activation by Bcl6. As with IFN gamma for Th1 and IL-4 for Th2 cells, IL-21 is critical for TFH cell development and effector function. IL-21 plays a role in T cell-dependent B cell differentiation into plasma cells and memory cells, stimulation of IgG production and induction of apoptotic signaling in naive B cells. In Th17 cells, IL-21 expression and autocrine feedback through STAT3, IRF4 and ROR gamma t lead to upregulation of the IL-23R, thereby preparing Th17 cells for maturation and maintenance by the inflammatory cytokine IL-23. While upregulating IRF4 and ROR gamma t, IL-21 also mediates the downregulation of Foxp3. IL-21 deficient mice are protected from developing colitis upon chemical treatment by their inability to upregulate Th17-associated molecules. In comparison, elevated levels of IL-21 are present in chemically-induced colitis mouse models.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.
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Protein Aliases: CX2; il 21; IL-21; ILN; Interleukin; Interleukin-21; interleukin-21 isoform; Interleukin21; Za11
Gene Aliases: CVID11; IL-21; IL21; Za11
UniProt ID: (Human) Q9HBE4
Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 59067
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