Invitrogen

Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) Monoclonal Antibody (T.849.2)

Advanced Verification

This Antibody was verified by Cell treatment to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated.

8 Published Figures

34 References

View all (154) NFkB p65 antibodies

Datasheet

Protocols

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Datasheet

Protocols

Questions & Answers

Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) Antibody in Immunocytochemistry (ICC/IF)

FIGURE: 1 / 15

Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) Antibody (MA5-15160) in ICC/IF

Immunofluorescent analysis of Phospho-NF-kappaB p65 pSer536 in HeLa cells, TNF-alpha treated (20 ng/mL for 20 min), using a Phospho-NF-kappaB p65 pSer536 monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-15160) (green). Actin filaments are labeled with a fluorescent red phalloidin.

Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) Antibody in Western Blot (WB)

Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) Antibody in Flow Cytometry (Flow)

Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) Antibody in Western Blot, Immunocytochemistry (WB, ICC/IF)

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Product Details

MA5-15160

Applications

Tested Dilution

Publications

Western Blot (WB)

1:1,000

View 26 publications 26 publications

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

View 2 publications 2 publications

Immunocytochemistry (ICC/IF)

1:800-1:3,200

View 3 publications 3 publications

Flow Cytometry (Flow)

1:800-1:3,200

View 2 publications 2 publications

Immunoprecipitation (IP)

1:50

in situ PLA (PLA)

View 1 publication 1 publication

Product Specifications

Species Reactivity

Hamster, Human, Mouse, Non-human primate, Pig, Rat

Published species

Arthropod, Dog, Human, Mouse, Pig, Rat

Host/Isotype

Rabbit / IgG

Class

Monoclonal

Type

Antibody

Clone

T.849.2

Immunogen

Synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding pSer536 of human NFkB p65

View immunogen

Conjugate

Unconjugated Unconjugated Unconjugated

Form

Liquid

Concentration

57 µg/mL

Purification

Affinity chromatography

Storage buffer

0.01M HEPES, pH 7.5, with 0.15M NaCl, 100µg/mL BSA, 50% glycerol

Contains

<0.02% sodium azide

Storage conditions

-20°C

Shipping conditions

Wet ice

RRID

AB_10983078

Product Specific Information

It is not recommended to aliquot this antibody.

This antibody is not cross-reactive with the p50 subunit or other related proteins.

Target Information

Nuclear factor kB p65 (NF-kB p65) is encoded by the RELA gene and is present on chromosome 11 in humans. NF-kB P65 is also known as RelA (v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A) and belongs to the Rel family of proteins. It is one of the two subunits of NF-kB (Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) that heterodimerizes with the other subunits p50 or p52. However, binding of TNF alpha to its cognate receptor phosphorylates IKK which in turn phosphorylates I kB allowing proteasomal degradation of I kB. It specifically plays a key role in transcription of immunoglobulin k (kappa) gene in mature B-lymphoid cells.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.

Product References

Breviscapine alleviates podocyte injury by inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy.

PeerJ

Sun L,Ding M,Chen F,Zhu D,Xie X

Published figure using Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-15160) in Western Blot

Mon Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2023

Breviscapine alleviates podocyte injury by inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy.

PeerJ

Sun L,Ding M,Chen F,Zhu D,Xie X

Published figure using Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-15160) in Western Blot

Mon Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2023

Nobiletin and xanthohumol counteract the TNFα-mediated activation of endothelial cells through the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Cell biology international

Corrado C,Barreca MM,Raimondo S,Diana P,Pepe G,Basilicata MG,Conigliaro A,Alessandro R

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blot to highlight that xanthohumol and nobiletin can counteract the effects of TNF-α on angiogenesis and invasiveness, mainly through Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and NF-κB pathways.

Wed Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2023

Anti‑tumor properties of FoxO1 in YD‑9 oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Oncology reports

Kim YG,Seong C,Cho KA,Lee SM,Kim TJ,Kim HJ,Cho JH,Jung W,Jang S,Shin JC,Lee KH,Byun JS,Kim DY

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to demonstrate that FoxO1 exerted an anti‚tumor effect by suppressing proliferation and migration/invasion but promoting oxidative stress‚linked cell death in YD‚9 OSCC cells.

Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2023

Rutin alleviates ventilator-induced lung injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

iScience

Chen S,Bai Y,Xia J,Zhang Y,Zhan Q

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blot to predict the therapeutic targets and potential mechanisms of rutin in the treatment of VILI.

Fri Oct 20 00:00:00 EDT 2023

Remifentanil modulates the TLR4‑mediated MMP‑9/TIMP1 balance and NF‑κB/STAT3 signaling in LPS‑induced A549 cells.

Experimental and therapeutic medicine

Chang J,Zhang W

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to show that remifentanil downregulated TLR4 to reduce MMP-9/TIMP1 imbalance to inhibit inflammatory dysfunction in LPS-treated A549 cells, by regulating NF-κB/STAT3 signaling.

Wed Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2023

Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitor in Early Brain Injury of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.

Brain sciences

Zhang ZH,Zhou XM,Zhang X

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to suggest that PTP1B-IN-1 could ameliorate neuroapoptosis, neuroinflammation, and ER stress in vitro and in vivo by regulating the IRS-2/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that PTP1B-IN-1 may be a candidate drug for the treatment of early brain injury after SAH.

Thu May 18 00:00:00 EDT 2023

Significance of Plasmodium berghei Amino Acid Transporter 1 in Food Vacuole Functionality and Its Association with Cerebral Pathogenesis.

Microbiology spectrum

Anand A,Chandana M,Ghosh S,Das R,Singh N,Vaishalli PM,Gantasala NP,Padmanaban G,Nagaraj VA

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to show that the deletion of amino acid transporter 1 in Plasmodium berghei leads to swollen food vacuoles with the accumulation of hemoglobin-derived peptides.

Tue Mar 28 00:00:00 EDT 2023

Natural Antimicrobials Block the Host NF-κB Pathway and Reduce Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Infection Both In Vitro and In Vivo.

Pharmaceutics

Bunduruș IA,Balta I,Butucel E,Callaway T,Popescu CA,Iancu T,Pet I,Stef L,Corcionivoschi N

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blot to investigate, for the first time, the antioxidant effect of a mixture of natural antimicrobials in an Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) shrimp-gut model of infection and the biological mechanisms involved in their way of action.

Thu Jul 20 00:00:00 EDT 2023

Primary cells from patients with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma depend on HTLV-1 Tax expression for NF-κB activation and survival.

Blood cancer journal

Hleihel R,Skayneh H,de Thé H,Hermine O,Bazarbachi A

MA5-15160 was used in Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) to demonstrate the critical role of continued Tax and IL-10 expression for the survival of primary ATL cells, highlighting their relevance as therapeutic targets.

Wed May 03 00:00:00 EDT 2023

The effects of NF-κB suppression on the early healing response following intrasynovial tendon repair in a canine model.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society

Lane RA,Migotsky N,Havlioglu N,Iannucci LE,Shen H,Lake S,Sakiyama-Elbert SE,Thomopoulos S,Gelberman RH

MA5-15160 was used in Immunohistochemistry to reveal that targeted inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells signaling with ACHP provides a new therapeutic strategy for enhancing the repair of sutured intrasynovial tendons.

Sun Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2023

B-cell antigen receptor expression and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling regulate genesis and maintenance of mouse chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Haematologica

Schmid VK,Khadour A,Ahmed N,Brandl C,Nitschke L,Rajewsky K,Jumaa H,Hobeika E

MA5-15160 was used in Flow Cytometry to demonstrate the pivotal role for B cell antigen receptor signalling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) development and further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the genesis of CLL for the development of new treatment strategies.

Mon Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Reducing Akt2 in retinal pigment epithelial cells causes a compensatory increase in Akt1 and attenuates diabetic retinopathy.

Nature communications

Liu H,Stepicheva NA,Ghosh S,Shang P,Chowdhury O,Daley RA,Yazdankhah M,Gupta U,Hose SL,Valapala M,Fitting CS,Strizhakova A,Shan Y,Feenstra D,Sahel JA,Jayagopal A,Handa JT,Zigler JS,Fort PE,Sodhi A,Sinha D

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to propose that targeting Akt1 activity in the RPE may be a novel therapy for treating DR.

Thu Oct 13 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Haloperidol Instigates Endometrial Carcinogenesis and Cancer Progression by the NF-κB/CSF-1 Signaling Cascade.

Cancers

Chiang JY,Lei FJ,Chang HJ,Wei ST,Wang CC,Huang YC,Wang HL,Chuang CF,Hu SY,Hsieh CH

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to show that chronic haloperidol treatment in clinically relevant doses induced endometrial hyperplasia in normal mice and promoted tumor growth and malignancy in mice with orthotopic endometrial cancer.

Thu Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Nucleic acid aptamer controls mycoplasma infection for inhibiting the malignancy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy

Zhang Y,Zhang H,Sun X,Peng T,Xie T,Yuan Y,Guo J,Chen Y,Zhou L,Ling N,Li H,Li L,Zhang L,Li X,Liang L,Liu J,Ye M,Tan W

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to indicate that aptamer ZY3A is a potential candidate for development into a novel molecular tool for treatment of M. hyorhinis infection and a safe first-in-class M. hyorhinis-targeting antitumor agent.

Wed Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Myeloperoxidase-Oxidized LDL Activates Human Aortic Endothelial Cells through the LOX-1 Scavenger Receptor.

International journal of molecular sciences

El-Hajjar L,Hindieh J,Andraos R,El-Sabban M,Daher J

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to report that Mox-LDL increases the expression of its own LOX-1 receptor in HAECs, enhancing inflammation and simultaneously decreasing tubulogenesis in the cells.

Fri Mar 04 00:00:00 EST 2022

Malaria parasite heme biosynthesis promotes and griseofulvin protects against cerebral malaria in mice.

Nature communications

Chandana M,Anand A,Ghosh S,Das R,Beura S,Jena S,Suryawanshi AR,Padmanaban G,Nagaraj VA

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to show heme synthesized in asexual stages promotes cerebral pathogenesis by enhancing hemozoin formation.

Tue Jul 12 00:00:00 EDT 2022

LUBAC assembles a ubiquitin signaling platform at mitochondria for signal amplification and transport of NF-κB to the nucleus.

The EMBO journal

Wu Z,Berlemann LA,Bader V,Sehr DA,Dawin E,Covallero A,Meschede J,Angersbach L,Showkat C,Michaelis JB,Münch C,Rieger B,Namgaladze D,Herrera MG,Fiesel FC,Springer W,Mendes M,Stepien J,Barkovits K,Marcus K,Sickmann A,Dittmar G,Busch KB,Riedel D,Brini M,Tatzelt J,Cali T,Winklhofer KF

MA5-15160 was used in Immunocytochemistry to reveal a role for mitochondria in amplifying TNF-mediated NF-κB activation, both serving as a signaling platform, as well as a transport mode for activated NF-κB to the nuclear.

Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2022

LUBAC assembles a ubiquitin signaling platform at mitochondria for signal amplification and transport of NF-κB to the nucleus.

The EMBO journal

Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2022

Fetuin-A secretion from β-cells leads to accumulation of macrophages in islets, aggravates inflammation and impairs insulin secretion.

Journal of cell science

Mukhuty A,Fouzder C,Kundu R

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to support an association of fetuin-A with islet inflammation and β-cell dysfunction, owing to its role as a key chemoattractant and macrophage polarizing factor.

Mon Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Capsaicin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Barrier Dysfunction in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Line-J2.

Frontiers in physiology

Zhao X,Dong B,Friesen M,Liu S,Zhu C,Yang C

Published figure using Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-15160) in Western Blot

Tue Oct 12 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Capsaicin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Barrier Dysfunction in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Line-J2.

Frontiers in physiology

Zhao X,Dong B,Friesen M,Liu S,Zhu C,Yang C

Published figure using Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-15160) in Western Blot

Tue Oct 12 00:00:00 EDT 2021

βA1-crystallin regulates glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in mouse retinal astrocytes by modulating PTP1B activity.

Communications biology

Ghosh S,Liu H,Yazdankhah M,Stepicheva N,Shang P,Vaidya T,Hose S,Gupta U,Calderon MJ,Hu MW,Nair AP,Weiss J,Fitting CS,Bhutto IA,Gadde SGK,Naik NK,Jaydev C,Lutty GA,Handa JT,Jayagopal A,Qian J,Sahel JA,Rajasundaram D,Sergeev Y,Zigler JS,Sethu S,Watkins S,Ghosh A,Sinha D

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to identify βA1-crystallin as a regulator of PTP1B; loss of this regulation may be a new mechanism by which astrocytes contribute to DR.

Wed Feb 24 00:00:00 EST 2021

Activation of vagovagal reflex prevents hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Experimental physiology

Deng J,Jiang Y,Wang M,Shao L,Deng C

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to suggest that VNS might protect patients from lung injury induced by hepatic I/R related to various circumstances.

Mon Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Roxatidine inhibits fibrosis by inhibiting NF‑κB and MAPK signaling in macrophages sensing breast implant surface materials.

Molecular medicine reports

Ji L,Wang T,Tian L,Song H,Gao M

Published figure using Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-15160) in Flow Cytometry

Wed Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2020

Hsp70 and NF-kB Mediated Control of Innate Inflammatory Responses in a Canine Macrophage Cell Line.

International journal of molecular sciences

Lyu Q,Wawrzyniuk M,Rutten VPMG,van Eden W,Sijts AJAM,Broere F

Published figure using Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-15160) in Western Blot

Fri Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Hsp70 and NF-kB Mediated Control of Innate Inflammatory Responses in a Canine Macrophage Cell Line.

International journal of molecular sciences

Lyu Q,Wawrzyniuk M,Rutten VPMG,van Eden W,Sijts AJAM,Broere F

Published figure using Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-15160) in Western Blot

Fri Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2020

ECRG4 Represses Cell Proliferation and Invasiveness via NFIC/OGN/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Bladder Cancer.

Frontiers in genetics

Liang X,Gao J,Wang Q,Hou S,Wu C

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to provide evidence that both ECRG4 and OGN function as tumor repressors and that overexpression of ECRG4 inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway by promoting NFIC/OGN signaling in BCa cells.

Mon Sep 28 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Interferon-γ signaling synergizes with LRRK2 in neurons and microglia derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Nature communications

Panagiotakopoulou V,Ivanyuk D,De Cicco S,Haq W,Arsić A,Yu C,Messelodi D,Oldrati M,Schöndorf DC,Perez MJ,Cassatella RP,Jakobi M,Schneiderhan-Marra N,Gasser T,Nikić-Spiegel I,Deleidi M

MA5-15160 was used in Immunocytochemistry-immunoflourescence to employ dopaminergic neurons and microglia differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells carrying LRRK2 G2019S.

Wed Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2020

IL4 Primes the Dynamics of Breast Cancer Progression via DUSP4 Inhibition.

Cancer research

Gaggianesi M,Turdo A,Chinnici A,Lipari E,Apuzzo T,Benfante A,Sperduti I,Di Franco S,Meraviglia S,Lo Presti E,Dieli F,Caputo V,Militello G,Vieni S,Stassi G,Todaro M

MA515160 was used in western blot to find a role for IL-4 in promoting breast cancer aggressiveness

Thu Jun 15 00:00:00 EDT 2017

An autocrine inflammatory forward-feedback loop after chemotherapy withdrawal facilitates the repopulation of drug-resistant breast cancer cells.

Cell death & disease

Jia D,Li L,Andrew S,Allan D,Li X,Lee J,Ji G,Yao Z,Gadde S,Figeys D,Wang L

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to provide rovides new insights into the communication between autocrine niches and signaling pathways in the development of chemotherapy resistance and CSCs and also offers a tangible approach in breast cancer treatment.

Thu Jul 13 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Twelve hours of heat stress induces inflammatory signaling in porcine skeletal muscle.

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology

Ganesan S,Reynolds C,Hollinger K,Pearce SC,Gabler NK,Baumgard LH,Rhoads RP,Selsby JT

MA5-15160 was used in western blot to learn about the induction of inflammatory signaling in porcine skeletal muscle after twelve hours of heat stress

Wed Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Cardamonin reduces chemotherapy-enriched breast cancer stem-like cells in vitro and in vivo.

Oncotarget

Jia D,Tan Y,Liu H,Ooi S,Li L,Wright K,Bennett S,Addison CL,Wang L

MA5-15160 was used in western blot to elucidate the reduction of chemotherap-enriched breast cancer stem-like cells in vivo and in vitro due to cardamonin

Tue Jan 05 00:00:00 EST 2016

β-Catenin and NF-κB co-activation triggered by TLR3 stimulation facilitates stem cell-like phenotypes in breast cancer.

Cell death and differentiation

Jia D,Yang W,Li L,Liu H,Tan Y,Ooi S,Chi L,Filion LG,Figeys D,Wang L

MA5-15160 was used in western blot to investigate the role of TLR3 signaling in breast cancer stem cells

Sun Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2015

Heat stress causes oxidative stress but not inflammatory signaling in porcine skeletal muscle.

Temperature (Austin, Tex.)

Montilla SI,Johnson TP,Pearce SC,Gardan-Salmon D,Gabler NK,Ross JW,Rhoads RP,Baumgard LH,Lonergan SM,Selsby JT

MA5-15160 was used in Western Blotting to suggest that oxidative muscle is more susceptible to heat stress-mediated changes in redox balance than glycolytic muscle during chronic heat stress.

Thu Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Coenzyme Q10 counteracts testicular injury induced by sodium arsenite in rats.

European journal of pharmacology

Fouad AA,Al-Sultan AI,Yacoubi MT

MA5-15160 was used in immunohistochemistry to investigate the protective effect of Coenzyme Q10 againstsodium arsenite-induced testicular injury

Fri Mar 25 00:00:00 EDT 2011

Bioinformatics

Protein Aliases: avian reticuloendotheliosis viral (v-rel) oncogene homolog A; MGC131774; NF KB; nf-kappa-b p65; NF-kappa-B p65delta3; NF-kappa-B transcription factor p65; NF-kappaB transcription factor p65 subunit; NF-kB p65; NFkappaB p65; nfkb rela; NFkB-p50; NFKB1; nuclear factor; nuclear factor kappa b; nuclear factor kappa B subunit p65; Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit; Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3; p65 NF kappaB; p65 NF-kappa B; p65 NFkB; REL A; Transcription factor p65; v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A; v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A; v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3, p65

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Gene Aliases: I79_021812; NFkB; NFKB3; p65; RELA

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UniProt ID: (Human) Q04206, (Mouse) Q04207

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Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 5970, (Pig) 100135665, (Mouse) 19697, (Chinese hamster) 100763542, (Rat) 309165

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Function(s)

RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding DNA binding chromatin binding transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding protein binding transcription factor binding protein kinase binding chromatin DNA binding ubiquitin protein ligase binding protein complex binding activating transcription factor binding phosphate ion binding identical protein binding protein homodimerization activity actinin binding histone deacetylase binding transcription regulatory region DNA binding protein heterodimerization activity protein N-terminus binding NF-kappaB binding repressing transcription factor binding ankyrin repeat binding enzyme binding sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding Rel homology transcription factor

Process(es)

Performance Guarantee

If an Invitrogen™ antibody doesn't perform as described on our website or datasheet,we'll replace the product at no cost to you, or provide you with a credit for a future purchase.*

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Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) Monoclonal Antibody (T.849.2)

Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536) Antibody (MA5-15160) in ICC/IF

Product Details

MA5-15160

Western Blot (WB)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Immunocytochemistry (ICC/IF)

Flow Cytometry (Flow)

Immunoprecipitation (IP)

in situ PLA (PLA)

Species Reactivity

Published species

Host/Isotype

Class

Type

Clone

Immunogen

Conjugate

Form

Concentration

Purification

Storage buffer

Contains

Storage conditions

Shipping conditions

RRID

Product Specific Information

Target Information

Bioinformatics

Performance Guarantee

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