Invitrogen

beta Tubulin Polyclonal Antibody

beta Tubulin Antibody in Immunocytochemistry (ICC/IF)

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beta Tubulin Antibody (PA1-41331) in ICC/IF

Immunofluorescence analysis of beta tubulin was performed using 70% confluent log phase NIH/3T3 cells. The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton™ X-100 for 10 minutes, and blocked with 1% BSA for 1 hour at room temperature. The cells were labeled with Beta Tubulin Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Product # PA1-41331) at 2 µg/mL in 0.1% BSA and incubated for 3 ho... View More

beta Tubulin Antibody in Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) (IHC (P))

beta Tubulin Antibody in Western Blot (WB)

beta Tubulin Antibody in Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

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Product Details

PA1-41331

Applications

Tested Dilution

Publications

Western Blot (WB)

0.1-1 µg/mL

View 9 publications 9 publications

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

View 1 publication 1 publication

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) (IHC (P))

5-10 µg/mL

Immunocytochemistry (ICC/IF)

2 µg/mL

View 4 publications 4 publications

Product Specifications

Species Reactivity

Bovine, Dog, Chicken, Cat, Human, Mouse, Non-human primate, Rat, Xenopus

Published species

Human, Mouse, Rat

Host/Isotype

Rabbit / IgG

Class

Polyclonal

Type

Antibody

Immunogen

A synthetic peptide corresponding to a portion of amino acids 400-450 of human b-tubulin was used as immunogen for this antibody.

View immunogen

Conjugate

Unconjugated Unconjugated Unconjugated

Form

Liquid

Concentration

1 mg/mL

Purification

Protein G

Storage buffer

PBS

Contains

0.05% sodium azide

Storage conditions

Store at 4°C short term. For long term storage, store at -20°C, avoiding freeze/thaw cycles.

Shipping conditions

Ambient (domestic); Wet ice (international)

RRID

AB_2210397

Product Specific Information

Suggested positive control: antigen standard for TUBB2A (transient overexpression lysate), human brain protein.

Target Information

Beta tubulins are one of two core protein families (alpha and beta tubulins) that heterodimerize and assemble to form microtubules. Beta-III tubulin is primarily expressed in neurons and may be involved in neurogenesis, axon guidance and maintenance. Mutations in the beta tubulin gene are the cause of congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 3. Beta-III tubulin was also detected in Sertoli cells of the testis and transiently in non-neuronal embryonic tissues. Glutamate residues at the C-terminus of beta III tubulin can be glutamylated. The precise function of such modifications is unclear. Tubulin is phosphorylated on Ser-172 by CDK1 during cell cycle progression. Ser-172 phosphorylation inhibits tubulin incorporation into microtubules.Microtubules, the major cytoskeletal elements found in all eukaryotic cells, consist of Tubulin, which is a dimer of two 55 kDa subunits: alpha and Beta. Microtubules play key roles in chromosome segregation in mitosis, intracellular transport, ciliary and flagellar bending, and structural support of the cytoskeleton. Because beta-tubulin is ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells, it is frequently used as a loading control for assays involving protein detection, such as Western blotting.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.

Product References

Photo-Excited Toluidine Blue Disaggregates the Repeat Tau and Modulates End-Binding Protein EB1, Cytoskeletal Structure in Neuronal Cells.

Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology

Chinnathambi S,Dubey T,Chandrashekar M

PA1-41331 was used in Immunocytochemistry-immunofluorescence to suggest that Toluidine Blue inhibited the aggregation of soluble Tau and photo-excited Toluidine Blue disaggregated the pre-formed Tau filaments.

Wed Apr 19 00:00:00 EDT 2023

Molecular basis for receptor tyrosine kinase A-loop tyrosine transphosphorylation.

Nature chemical biology

Chen L,Marsiglia WM,Chen H,Katigbak J,Erdjument-Bromage H,Kemble DJ,Fu L,Ma J,Sun G,Zhang Y,Liang G,Neubert TA,Li X,Traaseth NJ,Mohammadi M

PA1-41331 was used in Western Blotting to study the mechanism by which receptor tyrosine kinase domains accomplish transphosphorylation of tyrosine even while being catalytically repressed.

Sun Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2020

Photodynamic exposure of Rose-Bengal inhibits Tau aggregation and modulates cytoskeletal network in neuronal cells.

Scientific reports

Dubey T,Gorantla NV,Chandrashekara KT,Chinnathambi S

PA1-41331 was used in Immunocytochemistry-immunoflourescence to study the protective role of Rose Bengal against Tau aggregation and cytoskeleton modulations.

Thu Jul 23 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Photodynamic exposure of Rose-Bengal inhibits Tau aggregation and modulates cytoskeletal network in neuronal cells.

Scientific reports

Dubey T,Gorantla NV,Chandrashekara KT,Chinnathambi S

PA1-41331 was used in Immunocytochemistry-immunoflourescence to study the protective role of Rose Bengal against Tau aggregation and cytoskeleton modulations.

Thu Jul 23 00:00:00 EDT 2020

The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ inhibits memory loss, neuropathology, and extends lifespan in aged 3xTg-AD mice.

Molecular and cellular neurosciences

Young ML,Franklin JL

PA1-41331 was used in Western Blotting to support a role for the involvement of mitochondria-derived oxidative stress in the etiology of AD and suggest that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants may lessen symptoms in AD patients.

Sun Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2019

Removal of the Polyglutamine Repeat of Ataxin-3 by Redirecting pre-mRNA Processing.

International journal of molecular sciences

McIntosh CS,Aung-Htut MT,Fletcher S,Wilton SD

Published figure using beta Tubulin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-41331) in Western Blot

Thu Oct 31 00:00:00 EDT 2019

PITX1 protein interacts with ZCCHC10 to regulate hTERT mRNA transcription.

PloS one

Ohira T,Kojima H,Kuroda Y,Aoki S,Inaoka D,Osaki M,Wanibuchi H,Okada F,Oshimura M,Kugoh H

PA1-41331 was used in Western Blotting to study the role of ZCCHC10-PITX1 in the regulation of hTERT transcription and tumour suppression.

Mon Mar 02 00:00:00 EST 2020

Photoexcited Toluidine Blue Inhibits Tau Aggregation in Alzheimer's Disease.

ACS omega

Dubey T,Gorantla NV,Chandrashekara KT,Chinnathambi S

Published figure using beta Tubulin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-41331) in Immunocytochemistry

Tue Nov 12 00:00:00 EST 2019

Reduction of integrin alpha 4 activity through splice modulating antisense oligonucleotides.

Scientific reports

Aung-Htut MT,Comerford I,Johnsen R,Foyle K,Fletcher S,Wilton SD

Published figure using beta Tubulin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-41331) in Western Blot

Tue Sep 10 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Do Anti-Oxidants Vitamin D_3, Melatonin, and Alpha-Lipoic Acid Have Synergistic Effects with Temozolomide on Cultured Glioblastoma Cells?

Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)

McConnell DD,McGreevy JW,Williams MN,Litofsky NS

PA1-41331 was used in Immunocytochemistry to conclude that anti-oxidants may have synergistic effects with temozolomide on glioblastoma cells.

Wed Jun 20 00:00:00 EDT 2018

SESN2 facilitates mitophagy by helping Parkin translocation through ULK1 mediated Beclin1 phosphorylation.

Scientific reports

Kumar A,Shaha C

PA1-41331 was used in Western Blot to investigate the role of SESN2 as a positive regulator of Parkin mediated mitophagy.

Fri Jan 12 00:00:00 EST 2018

Regulation of Receptor Binding Specificity of FGF9 by an Autoinhibitory Homodimerization.

Structure (London, England : 1993)

Liu Y,Ma J,Beenken A,Srinivasan L,Eliseenkova AV,Mohammadi M

PA1-41331 was used in Western Blotting to identify that homodimerization controls receptor binding specificity of the epithelial FGF9 subfamily.

Tue Sep 05 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Reg3α Overexpression Protects Pancreatic β Cells from Cytokine-Induced Damage and Improves Islet Transplant Outcome.

Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)

Ding Y,Xu Y,Shuai X,Shi X,Chen X,Huang W,Liu Y,Liang X,Zhang Z,Su D

Published figure using beta Tubulin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-41331) in Western Blot

Fri May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015

Neural stem/progenitor cells react to non-glial cns neoplasms.

SpringerPlus

Campbell JG,Miller DC,Cundiff DD,Feng Q,Litofsky NS

Published figure using beta Tubulin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-41331) in Immunohistochemistry

Wed Feb 25 00:00:00 EST 2015

The neurotensin-HIF-1α-VEGFα axis orchestrates hypoxia, colonic inflammation, and intestinal angiogenesis.

The American journal of pathology

Bakirtzi K,West G,Fiocchi C,Law IK,Iliopoulos D,Pothoulakis C

PA1-41331 was used in western blot to study the role of neurotensin and its receptor in both colitis and inflammatory bowel disease

Mon Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2014

Bioinformatics

Protein Aliases: beta 5-tubulin; beta Ib tubulin; beta tubulin 1; beta-4 tubulin; beta-4-tubulin; beta-5 tubulin; beta-tubulin; Beta-tubulin class-I; Beta-tubulin class-II; beta-tubulin class-III; Beta-tubulin class-V; Beta-tubulin class-VI; beta-tubulin T beta15 (aa 1-445); beta5-tubulin; betaIII-tubulin; c(beta)7 tubulin; class I beta-tubulin; class II beta-tubulin isotype; class IIa beta-tubulin; class IIb beta-tubulin; class III beta-tubulin; class IVa beta-tubulin; class V beta-tubulin; dJ40E16.7; dystonia 4, torsion (autosomal dominant); HSA10p15 beta-tubulin 4Q; M40 antibody; Neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin; T beta-15; TUBB; tubb beta-5; tubb2a {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q7TMM9}; Tubulin 5 beta; tubulin beta; Tubulin beta 4'; Tubulin beta 8 class VIII; Tubulin beta chain; Tubulin beta class IIa; Tubulin beta class V; tubulin beta MGC4083; tubulin beta-1; Tubulin beta-1 chain; Tubulin beta-2 chain; Tubulin beta-2A chain; Tubulin beta-2B chain; Tubulin beta-3 chain; Tubulin beta-4 chain; Tubulin beta-4A chain; Tubulin beta-5 chain; Tubulin beta-6 chain; Tubulin beta-7 chain; Tubulin beta-8 chain; Tubulin beta-III; tubulin, beta 1 class VI; tubulin, beta 2; tubulin, beta 2A; tubulin, beta 2A class IIa; tubulin, beta 2B class IIb; tubulin, beta 3; tubulin, beta 3 class III; tubulin, beta 4; tubulin, beta 4 class IVa; tubulin, beta 4A class IVa; tubulin, beta 5; tubulin, beta 6 class V; tubulin, beta class I; tubulin, beta polypeptide; tubulin, beta polypeptide 2; tubulin, beta polypeptide paralog; tubulin, beta, 3; tubulin, beta, 4; tubulin, beta, 5; unnamed protein product

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Gene Aliases: 2310057H16Rik; 2410129E14Rik; 2810484G07Rik; 3200002H15Rik; AA408537; AI325297; AI596182; B130022C14Rik; bA506K6.1; bA631M21.2; BB220206; beta-4; beta-5; brdp; CDCBM; CDCBM1; CDCBM5; CDCBM6; CFEOM3; CFEOM3A; CSCSC1; DYT4; FEOM3; HsT1601; M(beta)1; M(beta)2; M(beta)3; M(beta)4; M(beta)5; M(beta)6; M40; OK/SW-cl.56; OOMD; OOMD2; PMGYSA; RGD1305887; RGD1309427; TUBB; TUBB-5; TUBB1; TUBB2; TUBB2A; TUBB2B; TUBB3; TUBB4; TUBB4A; TUBB5; TUBB6; TUBB8; XELAEV_18039222mg; XLOT

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Function(s)

GTPase activity structural constituent of cytoskeleton GTP binding ubiquitin protein ligase binding MHC class I protein binding structural molecule activity protein binding protein domain specific binding protein complex binding GTPase activating protein binding protein heterodimerization activity calcium ion binding netrin receptor binding peptide binding molecular_function nucleotide binding tubulin

Process(es)

microtubule cytoskeleton organization mitotic cell cycle microtubule-based process regulation of synapse organization spindle assembly G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle movement of cell or subcellular component cellular process cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity cell division cytoskeleton organization positive regulation of axon guidance neuron migration negative regulation of microtubule polymerization axon guidance neuron differentiation netrin-activated signaling pathway dorsal root ganglion development mitotic nuclear division biological_process protein polymerization metabolic process cell projection organization

Performance Guarantee

If an Invitrogen™ antibody doesn't perform as described on our website or datasheet,we'll replace the product at no cost to you, or provide you with a credit for a future purchase.*

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beta Tubulin Polyclonal Antibody

beta Tubulin Antibody (PA1-41331) in ICC/IF

Product Details

PA1-41331

Western Blot (WB)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) (IHC (P))

Immunocytochemistry (ICC/IF)

Species Reactivity

Published species

Host/Isotype

Class

Type

Immunogen

Conjugate

Form

Concentration

Purification

Storage buffer

Contains

Storage conditions

Shipping conditions

RRID

Product Specific Information

Target Information

Bioinformatics

Performance Guarantee

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