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Transfecting Plasmid DNA Into HepG2 Cells Using Lipofectamine 3000 Reagent
Complete growth medium
| Component | Cat. No. |
|---|---|
| Gibco DMEM, with GlutaMAX Supplement | A3635201 |
| 10% Gibco FBS | A3160401 |
Proper culture techniques and procedures are an essential part of ensuring successful transfection. Subculturing, also referred to as passaging, is the removal of medium and transfer of cells from a culture into fresh growth medium, in order to propagate the cells.
Brightfield image of HepG2 cells in culture, prior to transfection.
Tip: HepG2 cells tend to grow in clusters. It is critical to ensure dissociation has occurred to yield a single-cell suspension when passaging and plating the cells. Having a single-cell suspension is also very important to ensure efficient transfection.
Passaging
- Maintain cells in T-75 flasks.
- Use Gibco TrypLE dissociation reagent.
- Passage cells every 3–4 days to ensure that they do not enter senescence.
- Transfection of cells should be performed only between passages 5 and 25 post-thaw.
- If designing an experiment that involves transfection, ensure that setup coincides with a cell passage.
- Plate cells for transfection only 1 day before the experiment.
Tip: Trypsinize HepG2 cells with TrypLE dissociation reagent for 10–15 min in a 37°C incubator. Then add 10 mL of growth medium and use a 10 mL serological pipette with a 200 μL tip on the end to pipette the cell suspension up and down at least 5 times. This step is the most critical to ensure single cells for accurate counting and plating.
Seeding cells for transfection
- The day before transfection, dissociate cells that are 80–90% confluent in a T-75 flask.
- Count the cells using standard trypan blue exclusion.
- The cell culture must have >90% viability and be 75–80% confluent on the day of transfection.
- Seed 1.1 x 105 cells in 500 μL growth medium for a single well of a 24-well plate.
Transfection protocol
| Component | Cat. No. |
|---|---|
| Invitrogen Lipofectamine 3000 Transfection Reagent | L3000008 |
| Gibco Opti-MEM I Reduced Serum Medium | 31985062 |
| Thermo Scientific Nunc Multidish, 24-Wells, Cell Culture Treated | 142475 |
On the day of transfection, which should be 1 day following cell plating, perform the following steps, which have been optimized for a single well of a 24-well plate using Invitrogen Lipofectamine 3000 Transfection Reagent:
| Step | Tube | Complexation components | Amount per well (24-well) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tube 1 | Opti-MEM I medium | 25 μL |
| Lipofectamine 3000 reagent | 0.75 μL | ||
| 2 | Tube 2 | Opti-MEM I medium | 25 μL |
| DNA amount (DNA concentration should be 0.5–5 μg/μL) | 500 ng | ||
| P3000™ reagent | 1 μL | ||
| 3 | Add tube 2 solution to tube 1 and mix well | ||
| 4 | Incubate mixture from step 3 at room temperature for 10–15 min | ||
| 5 | Add 50 μL of complex from step 4 to cells; gently swirl plate to ensure homogeneous distribution of complex to the entire well | ||
Transfection efficiency analysis
At 48 hr following transfection of a GFP reporter construct, cells were evaluated via microscopy and flow cytometry. To assess transfection efficiency, cells were first visualized via fluorescence microscopy for qualitative assessment of protein expression, morphology, and viability (Figure 1). Cells were then prepared for flow cytometry by aspirating the medium and replacing it with 250 μL of a 7:3 mixture of TrypLE reagent:1X DPBS. Cells were incubated at 37°C for 10 min and then pipetted up and down to ensure single cells for flow cytometry analysis.
Figure 1. Posttransfection analysis of cells. (A) Fluorescence and (B) bright-field images demonstrating 65–75% transfection efficiency.
Tips and tricks
- Decreasing the serum content of the culture medium (to <10%) at the time of transfection is acceptable, but replace with complete growth medium within 4–24 hr post-transfection.
- Antibiotics can be used during transfection.
- Prior to flow cytometry, visualize cells under a bright-field microscope to verify dissociation following incubation with TrypLE reagent.
Scaling up or down Lipofectamine 3000 reagent transfections
Use the following table to scale the volumes for your transfection experiment. The most common sizes are listed below.
| Culture vessel | Multiplication factor* | Shared reagents | DNA transfection | siRNA transfection | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth medium | Opti-MEM medium for complexing | DNA | P3000 reagent | Lipofectamine 3000 reagent** | siRNA | Lipofectamine 3000 reagent** | ||
| 96-well | 0.2 | 100 μL | 2 x 5 μL | 100 ng | 0.1 µL | 0.15 µL | 3 pmol | 0.3 µL |
| 48-well | 0.5 | 250 μL | 2 x 12.5 μL | 0.25 µg | 0.5 µL | 0.375 µL | 7.5 pmol | 0.75 µL |
| 24-well | 1 | 500 μL | 2 x 25 μL | 0.5 µg | 1 µL | 0.75 µL | 15 pmol | 1.5 µL |
| 12-well | 2 | 1 mL | 2 x 50 μL | 1 µg | 2 µL | 1.5 µL | 30 pmol | 3 µL |
| 6-well | 5 | 2 mL | 2 x 125 μL | 2.5 µg | 5 µL | 3.75 µL | 75 pmol | 7.5 µL |
| 60 mm | 11.05 | 5 mL | 2 x 250 μL | 5.5–11 µg | 11–22 µL | 8.5 µL | 166 pmol | 17 µL |
| 10 cm | 28.95 | 10 mL | 2 x 500 μL | 14–28 µg | 28–56 µL | 22 µL | 434 pmol | 43 µL |
| T-75 | 39.47 | 15 mL | 2 x 750 μL | 20–40 µg | 40–80 µL | 30 µL | 592 pmol | 59 µL |
| T-175 | 92.11 | 35 mL | 2 x 1.75 mL | 46–96 µg | 92–180 µL | 69 µL | 1,382 pmol | 138 µL |
* After determining the optimum reagent amount, use the multiplication factor to determine the reagent amount needed for your new plate format.
** Optimum amount needed is determined from the protocol for Lipofectamine 3000 Transfection Reagent.
Ordering information
Gibco Liver Cancer Starter Kit
For your convenience, the essential components of this protocol are now available in the Gibco Liver Cancer Starter Kit. The kit includes: basal medium, FBS, Lipofectamine 3000 reagent, Opti-MEM medium, and TrypLE reagent. The kit is available at thermofisher.com/cancercellculture. For additional components required for the protocol see ordering table below.
Find out more at thermofisher.com/3000
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.