B4GALT1 Proteins

Protein Information

This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. This gene is unique among the beta4GalT genes because it encodes an enzyme that participates both in glycoconjugate and lactose biosynthesis. For the first activity, the enzyme adds galactose to N-acetylglucosamine residues that are either monosaccharides or the nonreducing ends of glycoprotein carbohydrate chains. The second activity is restricted to lactating mammary tissues where the enzyme forms a heterodimer with alpha-lactalbumin to catalyze UDP-galactose + D-glucose <=> UDP + lactose. The two enzymatic forms result from alternate transcription initiation sites and post-translational processing.

Synonyms

b1,4-Galactosyltransferase I; B-1,4-GalT; B-1,4-GalT1; B4galt1; b4Gal-T1; Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1; beta-1,4-GalT; beta-1,4-GalT1; beta-1,4-GalTase 1; beta4Gal-T1; Beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycolipid beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase; Beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase; CDG2D; galactosyltransferase 2 beta 1, 4; GalT; Ggtb; GGTB2; glycoprotein galactosyltransferase beta 1, 4; glycoprotein-4-beta-galactosyltransferase 2; Golgi complex; GT1; GTB; lactose synthase; Lactose synthase A protein; N-acetyllactosamine synthase; Nal synthase; Processed beta-1; Processed beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1; UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1; UDP-Gal:beta-GlcNAc beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1; UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1