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table of Elements
Thallium
Thallium X-ray photoelectron spectra, thallium electron configuration, and other elemental information.
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Thallium • Other Metal
Primary XPS region: Tl4f
Overlapping regions: Al2s, Bi5p, Ge3p3, Cu3s
Binding energies of common chemical states:
| Chemical state | Binding energy Tl4f7/2 |
|---|---|
| Element | 118 eV |
Experimental information
N/A
Interpretation of XPS spectra
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About this element
Symbol: TI
Date of discovery: 1861
Name origin: Greek thallos
Appearance: silvery white
Discoverer: Sir William Crookes
Obtained from: copper, lead, zinc, sulfide ores
Melting point: 303.5 K
Boiling point: 1473 K
Density[kg/m3]: 11.85
Molar volume: 17.22×10-6 m3/mol
Protons/Electrons: 81
Neutrons: 123
Shell structure: 2,8,18,32,18,3
Electron configuration: Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Oxidation state: 3,1
Crystal structure: Hexagonal
Thallium was discovered spectroscopically in 1861 by Sir William Crookes. Very soft and malleable, thallium can be cut with a knife at room temperature. This element exhibits a metallic luster when freshly exposed to air, but soon becomes bluish-grey, resembling tin or lead. The element and its compounds are toxic and must be handled carefully. Thallium is believed to cause cancer. Thallium-doped silicon is a semiconductor material used in infrared detectors. Thallium bromide-iodide crystals may also be found in infrared detectors. Thallium is used as a rat and ant killer. It was originally used in treating ringworm and other skin infections.
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