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Enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) are used to quantitate specific proteins in solution. The detection enzyme can be introduced into the assay in a number of ways (Figure 1).
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) are the most commonly used enzyme labels, mainly due to the large selection of substrates available for ELISA. Another enzyme label that has been used is beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), but it has not gained widespread acceptance due to limited substrate options.
The choice of substrate detection platform depends upon the required assay sensitivity and the instrumentation available for signal detection (spectrophotometer, fluorometer, or luminometer). Though not as sensitive as fluorescent or chemiluminescent substrates, colorimetric substrates are used more often; they allow direct visualization and enable kinetic studies to be performed. Furthermore, colorimetric ELISA substrates are detected with standard absorbance plate readers common to many laboratories.
Learn more about advantages and disadvantages of all three detection strategies in Overview of ELISA.
Figure 1. Options for incorporating detection enzymes like HRP or AP into ELISA. In the assay, the antigen of interest is immobilized by direct adsorption to the assay plate or by first attaching a capture antibody to the plate surface. Detection of the antigen can then be performed using an enzyme-conjugated primary antibody (direct detection) or a matched set of unlabeled primary and conjugated secondary antibodies or biotin-labeled primary antibody detected using enzyme-linked streptavidin (indirect detection).
Learn more about these products in the section below in Overview of HRP enzyme substrates.
Product name | Benefits, format | # of assays* | Absorbance wavelength (nm)** | Color** | Detection limit² | Recommended primary (1°) and secondary (2°) antibody dilutions*** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TMB (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine) | ||||||
1-Step Ultra TMB-ELISA Substrate Solution | Most sensitive of the chromogenic substrates, ready-to-use format | 2,500 wells | 450 (650) | Yellow (Blue) | 20 pg/mL | 1°—1:1,000
|
1-Step Turbo TMB-ELISA Substrate Solution | Rapidly detects HRP activity within 5–30 min, ready-to-use format | 2,500 wells | 70 pg/mL | |||
1-Step Slow TMB-ELISA Substrate Solution | Ideal substrate for kinetic studies, ready-to-use format | 2,500 wells | 80 pg/mL | |||
TMB Substrate Kit | Includes TMB solution and peroxide solution | 4,000 wells | 60 pg/mL | |||
TMB Chromogen Solution | Ready-to-use format | 500 mL | ||||
ABTS (2,2'-Azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]-diammonium salt | ||||||
1-Step ABTS Substrate Solution | Ready-to-use format | 2,000 wells | 410 (650) | Green (nonvisible) | 2.5 ng/mL | 1°—1:1,000 2°—1:5,000 to 1:50,000 |
OPD (o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride) | ||||||
OPD Substrate | Pre-weighted tablets | 50 tablets | 490 (450) | Green (Orange) | 70 pg/mL | 1°—1:1,000 2°—1:5,000 to 1:50,000 |
Powder | 25 g | |||||
* See product instructions for additional information and assay considerations that determine the number of assays. | ||||||
**Absorbance wavelength/color format ex. 450 (650) and Yellow (Blue)-first number/color is for reactions that are stopped. Number and color in ( ) represent non-stopped reactions. | ||||||
*** Detection limits and recommended antibody dilutions (based on 1 mg/mL stock) have been generalized as a starting point for optimization. Individual assays may require conditions outside the ranges suggested. |
Learn more about these products in the section below under Overview of HRP enzyme substrates.
Product name | Benefits, format | # of assays* | Emission max (nm)** | Color | Detection limit*** | Primary (1°) and secondary (2°) antibody dilutions*** | Cat. No. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SuperSignal ELISA Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate | Rapid signal generation with 5–30 minutes signal stability; kit contains peroxide and enhancer solutions | 1,000 wells | 425 | Blue | 5 pg/mL | 1°—1:1,000 2°—1:10,000 to 1:50,000 | 37070 |
2,500 wells | 37069 | ||||||
SuperSignal ELISA Femto Substrate | One of the most sensitive substrates available for ELISA applications; kit contains peroxide and enhancer solutions | 1,000 wells | 425 | Blue | 1.7 pg/mL | 1° - 1:1,000 2°—1:50,000 to 1:100,000 | 37075 |
2,500 wells | 37074 | ||||||
*Total number of assays based on 96-well microplate. See product instructions for additional information and assay considerations that determine the number of assays. | |||||||
** The peak emission wavelength is given for reference. However, for best sensitivity, measure total light output using a luminometer. | |||||||
*** Detection limits and recommended antibody dilutions (based on 1 mg/mL stock) have been generalized as a starting point for optimization. Individual assays may require conditions outside the ranges suggested here. |
Learn more about these products in the section below under Overview of HRP enzyme substrates.
Product name | Benefits, format | # of assays* | Ex/Em wavelength (nm)** | Detection limit*** | Recommended primary (1°) and secondary (2°) antibody dilutions*** | Cat. No. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Large dynamic range (4 log peroxidase concentration range); endpoint or kinetic assays; kit contains all necessary reagents and buffers | 2,700 wells | 325/420 | 5 pg/mL | 1°—1:500 2°—1:5,000 to 1:20,000 | 15169 | |
QuantaBlu NS/K Fluorogenic Substrate Kit | Optimized for kinetic assays; kit contains all necessary reagents and buffers | 2,700 wells | 325/420 | 5 pg/mL | 1°—1:500 2°—1:5,000 to 1:20,000 | 15162 |
QuantaRed Enhanced Chemifluorescent Substrate Kit | Fluorescence or colorimetric read-out; kit contains all necessary reagents and buffers | 960 wells | 570/585 | 4 pg/mL | 1°—1:1,000 2°—1:5,000 to 1:20,000 | 15159 |
Amplex Red Reagent† | Fluorescence or colorimetric read-out. Stand-alone reagent | 200 assays | 570/585 | 3.4 pg/mL | 1°—1:1,000 2°—1:5,000 to 1:20,000 | A12222 |
Amplex UltraRed Reagent† | Fluorescence or colorimetric read-out. Stand-alone reagent | 3,400 assays | 570/585 | 3.4 pg/mL | 1°—1:1,000 2°—1:5,000 to 1:20,000 | A36006 |
* See product instructions for additional information and assay considerations that determine the number of assays. | ||||||
**Ex=excitation max wavelength in nm; Em=emission max wavelength in nm. | ||||||
*** Detection limits and recommended antibody dilutions (based on 1 mg/ml stock) have been generalized as a starting point for optimization. Individual assays may require conditions outside the ranges suggested here. | ||||||
† The Amplex Red/UltraRed Stop Reagent (Cat. No. A33855) provides convenience and control by allowing the fluorescence signal-generating reaction to be terminated at a user-determined time point. |
Learn more about these products in the section below in Overview of HRP enzyme substrates.
Product name | Benefits, format | # of assays* | Absorbance wavelength (nm)** | Color** | Detection limit² | Recommended primary (1°) and secondary (2°) antibody dilutions*** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TMB (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine) | ||||||
1-Step Ultra TMB-ELISA Substrate Solution | Most sensitive of the chromogenic substrates, ready-to-use format | 2,500 wells | 450 (650) | Yellow (Blue) | 20 pg/mL | 1°—1:1,000
|
1-Step Turbo TMB-ELISA Substrate Solution | Rapidly detects HRP activity within 5–30 min, ready-to-use format | 2,500 wells | 70 pg/mL | |||
1-Step Slow TMB-ELISA Substrate Solution | Ideal substrate for kinetic studies, ready-to-use format | 2,500 wells | 80 pg/mL | |||
TMB Substrate Kit | Includes TMB solution and peroxide solution | 4,000 wells | 60 pg/mL | |||
TMB Chromogen Solution | Ready-to-use format | 500 mL | ||||
ABTS (2,2'-Azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]-diammonium salt | ||||||
1-Step ABTS Substrate Solution | Ready-to-use format | 2,000 wells | 410 (650) | Green (nonvisible) | 2.5 ng/mL | 1°—1:1,000 2°—1:5,000 to 1:50,000 |
OPD (o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride) | ||||||
OPD Substrate | Pre-weighted tablets | 50 tablets | 490 (450) | Green (Orange) | 70 pg/mL | 1°—1:1,000 2°—1:5,000 to 1:50,000 |
Powder | 25 g | |||||
* See product instructions for additional information and assay considerations that determine the number of assays. | ||||||
**Absorbance wavelength/color format ex. 450 (650) and Yellow (Blue)-first number/color is for reactions that are stopped. Number and color in ( ) represent non-stopped reactions. | ||||||
*** Detection limits and recommended antibody dilutions (based on 1 mg/mL stock) have been generalized as a starting point for optimization. Individual assays may require conditions outside the ranges suggested. |
Learn more about these products in the section below under Overview of HRP enzyme substrates.
Product name | Benefits, format | # of assays* | Emission max (nm)** | Color | Detection limit*** | Primary (1°) and secondary (2°) antibody dilutions*** | Cat. No. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SuperSignal ELISA Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate | Rapid signal generation with 5–30 minutes signal stability; kit contains peroxide and enhancer solutions | 1,000 wells | 425 | Blue | 5 pg/mL | 1°—1:1,000 2°—1:10,000 to 1:50,000 | 37070 |
2,500 wells | 37069 | ||||||
SuperSignal ELISA Femto Substrate | One of the most sensitive substrates available for ELISA applications; kit contains peroxide and enhancer solutions | 1,000 wells | 425 | Blue | 1.7 pg/mL | 1° - 1:1,000 2°—1:50,000 to 1:100,000 | 37075 |
2,500 wells | 37074 | ||||||
*Total number of assays based on 96-well microplate. See product instructions for additional information and assay considerations that determine the number of assays. | |||||||
** The peak emission wavelength is given for reference. However, for best sensitivity, measure total light output using a luminometer. | |||||||
*** Detection limits and recommended antibody dilutions (based on 1 mg/mL stock) have been generalized as a starting point for optimization. Individual assays may require conditions outside the ranges suggested here. |
Learn more about these products in the section below under Overview of HRP enzyme substrates.
Product name | Benefits, format | # of assays* | Ex/Em wavelength (nm)** | Detection limit*** | Recommended primary (1°) and secondary (2°) antibody dilutions*** | Cat. No. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Large dynamic range (4 log peroxidase concentration range); endpoint or kinetic assays; kit contains all necessary reagents and buffers | 2,700 wells | 325/420 | 5 pg/mL | 1°—1:500 2°—1:5,000 to 1:20,000 | 15169 | |
QuantaBlu NS/K Fluorogenic Substrate Kit | Optimized for kinetic assays; kit contains all necessary reagents and buffers | 2,700 wells | 325/420 | 5 pg/mL | 1°—1:500 2°—1:5,000 to 1:20,000 | 15162 |
QuantaRed Enhanced Chemifluorescent Substrate Kit | Fluorescence or colorimetric read-out; kit contains all necessary reagents and buffers | 960 wells | 570/585 | 4 pg/mL | 1°—1:1,000 2°—1:5,000 to 1:20,000 | 15159 |
Amplex Red Reagent† | Fluorescence or colorimetric read-out. Stand-alone reagent | 200 assays | 570/585 | 3.4 pg/mL | 1°—1:1,000 2°—1:5,000 to 1:20,000 | A12222 |
Amplex UltraRed Reagent† | Fluorescence or colorimetric read-out. Stand-alone reagent | 3,400 assays | 570/585 | 3.4 pg/mL | 1°—1:1,000 2°—1:5,000 to 1:20,000 | A36006 |
* See product instructions for additional information and assay considerations that determine the number of assays. | ||||||
**Ex=excitation max wavelength in nm; Em=emission max wavelength in nm. | ||||||
*** Detection limits and recommended antibody dilutions (based on 1 mg/ml stock) have been generalized as a starting point for optimization. Individual assays may require conditions outside the ranges suggested here. | ||||||
† The Amplex Red/UltraRed Stop Reagent (Cat. No. A33855) provides convenience and control by allowing the fluorescence signal-generating reaction to be terminated at a user-determined time point. |
ELISA substrates are also available as OEM or Commercial Supply versions. Inquire about reagents and consumables, instruments, and custom kitting package solutions.
ELISA Builder can make it easy to find a great solution for developing your own ELISA assay. Based on a short list of questions about your experimental needs, the ELISA Builder tool recommends everything needed to perform an ELISA, from plates to stop solution.
TMB (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine) is a soluble substrate that yields a blue color when detecting HRP. It is very sensitive and may produce significant background signal if too much protein or antibody is used. TMB is more quickly oxidized than other HRP enzyme substrates, resulting in faster color development.
We have different formulations to choose from, depending on your experimental design and sensitivity needs.
See Figure 2 for a comparison of the range of sensitivities for the different formulations and selection guide (Tab 1) for the optimal kit for your experiment.
ABTS (2,2'-Azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]-diammonium salt) is used to detect HRP and yields a water-soluble green end reaction product.
ABTS is less sensitive than the OPD and TMB substrates for HRP detection. Color development is slow (approximately 20 minutes) which may be advantageous if unacceptable background results from the use of the OPD or TMB substrates due to higher sensitivities.
ABTS is available in either tablet or a ready-to-use for formulation.
OPD (o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride) is used to detect HRP and yields a water soluble yellow-orange reaction product. The reaction product has an absorbance maximum of 492 nm.
OPD is available in either powder or tablet forms and easily prepared by dissolving in Stable Peroxide Substrate Buffer or buffered hydrogen peroxide solution.
Figure 2. Sensitivity comparison of various TMB colorimetric ELISA substrates for HRP. TMB (3, 3’, 5, 5’-tetramethylbenzidine), a common chromogenic substrate for HRP, yields a blue color when oxidized. The color then changes to yellow with the addition of sulfuric or phosphoric acid, common solutions used to stop the reaction. In graph on the left, the performance of multiple TMB substrates is compared in an ELISA plate assay.
SuperSignal ELISA Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate provides excellent performance for a large range of target protein amounts and is easily optimized to detect with greater sensitivity than entry-level colorimetric substrates. Rapid signal generation with 5–30 minutes signal stability depending on HRP concentration (Figure 3).
SuperSignal ELISA Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate is one of the most sensitive substrates available for ELISA applications. When properly optimized, the lower detection limit is 1 to 10 orders of magnitude lower than commonly used colorimetric substrates. However, without proper optimization, it is easy to overwhelm the system with protein and enzyme, resulting in high background and possibly negative results.
Figure 3. Immediate light generation with SuperSignal ELISA Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate. Biotinylated HRP or biotinylated AP (200 pg) were added to separate wells of NeutrAvidin-coated white polystyrene plates. The plates were then incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature (RT) on a plate shaker and then each well was washed three times with BupH Tris-Buffered Saline (Cat. No. 28379). Working solutions of chemiluminescent substrates were prepared according to the manufacturers’ instructions. SuperSignal ELISA Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate (Cat. No. 37070) and another luminol-based system (Brand A), 100 µL of each substrate working solution was added to the appropriate plate well. For the dioxetane-based system, wells were washed with 1X Assay Buffer. Next, 100 µL of the dioxetane working solution was added to the appropriate plate well. All plates were incubated on a plate shaker at RT for 1 minute. Plates were then read on a Dynex MLX Microtiter Plate Luminometer with a 0.2 second read time per well. Several readings were taken over a 30-minute period.
QuantaBlu Fluorogenic Substrate has a large linear detection range with low-end linearity for detection of HRP. The stable fluorescent reaction product has an Ex/Em of 325 nm/420 nm allowing stopped, non-stopped, and kinetic assays to be performed; an advantage over the more sensitive chemiluminescent substrates.
QuantaRed Enhanced Chemifluorescent Substrate is the most sensitive fluorescent ELISA substrate available for HRP detection. The fluorescent reaction product (resorufin) is stable for 4 hours with an Ex/Em of 570 nm/585 nm when the reaction is stopped. The red-shifted resorufin reaction product permits detection at a wavelength with less interference from autofluorescence that can occur in biological samples.
Amplex Red Reagent (10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine) in the presence of horseradish peroxidase reacts with hydrogen peroxide in a 1:1 stoichiometry to produce highly fluorescent resorufin. This HRP enzyme substrate has greater stability, yields less background and produces a red-fluorescent product (Ex/Em of 571/585 nm) that is detected via colorimetric absorbance or fluorescence emission.
Amplex UltraRed Reagent improves upon the performance of Amplex Red reagent, offering brighter fluorescence and enhanced sensitivity on a per-mole basis in horseradish peroxidase or horseradish peroxidase–coupled enzyme assays. Fluorescence of oxidized Amplex UltraRed reagent is also less sensitive to pH, and the substrate and its oxidation product exhibit greater stability than Amplex Red reagent in the presence of H2O2 or thiols such as dithiothreitol (DTT).
The Amplex Red/UltraRed Stop Reagent (Cat. No. A33855) provides convenience and control by allowing the fluorescence signal-generating reaction to be terminated at a user-determined time point.
PNPP (p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate, Disodium Salt) is a widely used substrate for detecting alkaline phosphatase in ELISA applications. PNPP produces a yellow water-soluble reaction product that absorbs light at 405 nm. PNPP is available either as a crystalline powder, 5 mg tablets, or as a ready-to-use formulation.
ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) is used in ELISA applications involving beta-galactosidase (β-Gal). ONPG produces a completely soluble yellow product with a high extinction coefficient at 405 nm. While other β-Gal substrates exist, ONPG’s high solubility, ease of workflow, and significant signal-to-noise ratio make it the most ideal choice.
Enzyme | Substrate | Product name | Benefits, format | # of assays * | Absorbance wavelength (nm) | Color | Detection limit** | Recommended primary (1°) and secondary (2°) antibody dilutions** | Cat. No. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) | PNPP (p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate) | 1-Step PNPP Substrate Solution | Ready-to-use format | 1,000 wells | 405 | Yellow | 100 ng/mL | 1°—1:500 2°—1:5,000 to 1:20,000 | 37621 |
PNPP Substrate Kit | Pre-weighed tablets and buffers | ~5,520 wells | |||||||
PNPP Tablets | Pre-weighed tablets | ~5,520 wells | |||||||
PNPP Powder | 25 g powder | ||||||||
beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) | ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) | ONPG Substrate | 5 g powder | 410 | Yellow | 100 ng/mL | 1°—1:500 2°—1:5,000 | ||
* See product instructions for additional information and assay considerations that determine the number of assays. | |||||||||
** Detection limits and recommended antibody dilutions (based on 1 mg/mL stock) have been generalized as a starting point for optimization. Individual assays may require conditions outside the ranges suggested. |
Alkaline phosphatase substrates utilizing dioxetane can be divided in 2 groups based on their signal kinetics—“Glow” substrates and “Flash and Glow” substrates. See Figure 4 for a comparison of the two types of substrates and their reactions.
Enhancers can be added to the assays to improve sensitivity and/or increase the decomposition of the substrate resulting in a very fast response. In instruments that enable inject-and-read parameters, 1,2-dioxetanes can be injected as 1-reagent (substrate alone) or as 2-reagents (substrate reagent plus a triggering solution) to achieve readings as early as seconds to minutes after substrate injection.
CSPD and CDP-Star are chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetane alkaline phosphatase substrates that emit light with a maximum light intensity at a wavelength of 475 nm. These substrates are “glow” substrates and provide a sustained maximum signal over time only after 15–60 minutes depending on temperature. They are supplied at 5 or 25 mM (respectively) in aqueous buffer. Sensitivity can be improved with addition of Sapphire-II or Emerald-II luminescence enhancers.
CDP-Star substrate produces a higher signal in solution assays. CDP-Star substrate with either Sapphire-II or Emerald-II enhancer produces a signal that is nearly five-fold higher than the signal produced by CSPD substrate with enhancer. For five-fold maximum sensitivity, CDP-Star Substrate solutions will provide the highest signal intensity and the greatest sensitivity.
DynaLight Substrate with RapidGlow Enhancer is a ready-to-use chemiluminescent substrate formulation that has been optimized to achieve faster results in solution-based assays. This substrate is classified as a flash and glow substrate that provides fast and sustained maximum signal as early as 2–10 minutes. The DynaLight Substrate with RapidGlow Enhancer formulation includes 1,2-dioxetane chemiluminescent substrate and a polymeric enhancer that enables ultra-sensitive immunoassay detection by alkaline phosphatase label.
Figure 4. Signal kinetics comparison of Glow and Flash and Glow substrates. Comparing signal intensity kinetics (panel A) and signal-to-noise ratios (panel B) of “Glow” and “Flash and Glow” substrate formulations. 0.04 ng of biotin-alkaline phosphatase was detected using 20 µg of M-280 SA Dynabeads magnetic beads in a white microplate. Signal kinetics at 25°C are shown for both “Glow” (i.e., CDP-Star Substrate with Emerald-II Enhancer) and “Flash and Glow” (i.e., DynaLight Substrate with RapidGlow Enhancer) substrates, respectively reaching maximum light emission at ~30 minutes and ~5–10 minutes.
Enzyme | Substrate | Kinetic signal type | Product name | Benefits, format | Quantity | Emission max (nm)* | Detection limit** | Cat. No. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) | 1,2-dioxetane | Glow | CDP-Star Substrate | Sustained maximum signal over time only after 15–60 minutes depending on the temperature | 50 mL | 475 | pg-ng range | T2145 |
250 mL | T2147 | |||||||
CDP-Star Substrate with Sapphire-II Enhancer | For use with CSD-STAR substrates in solution-based assays (i.e. ELISA); ready-to-use format | 100 mL | 461 | pg-ng range | T2214 | |||
CDP-Star Substrate with Emerald-II Enhancer | 542 | pg-ng range | T2216 | |||||
CSPD Substrate | Provides a sustained maximum signal over time only after 15–60 minutes depending on the temperature. Peak light emission is obtained in 10-20 min in solution assays | 50 mL | 475 | pg-ng range | T2141 | |||
100 mL | T2142 | |||||||
250 mL | T2143 | |||||||
CSDP Substrate with Sapphire-II Enhancer | For use with CSDP substrates in solution-based assays (i.e. ELISA); ready-to-use format | 100 mL | 461 | pg-ng range | T2210 | |||
CSDP Substrate with Emerald-II Enhancer | 542 | pg-ng range | T2212 | |||||
Flash and Glow | DynaLight Substrate with RapidGlow Enhancer | Provides a fast and sustained maximum signal as early as 2–10 minutes depending on the temperature provided as a ready-to-use solution | 100 mL | ~1 pg/mL | 4475406 | |||
1 L | 4475410 | |||||||
* The peak emission wavelength is given for reference. However, for best sensitivity, measure total light output using a luminometer. | ||||||||
** Detection limits and recommended antibody dilutions (based on 1 mg/mL stock) have been generalized as a starting point for optimization. Individual assays may require conditions outside the ranges suggested here. |
If you are looking for enzyme conjugates for your ELISA experiments, Thermo Fisher Scientific has secondary antibody conjugates validated for ELISA available. See the selection of products linked below. We also have a selection of avidin and streptavidin enzyme conjugates.
Enzyme | Antibody enzyme conjugates |
---|---|
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates | Select ELISA HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies Learn more about our HRP-Linked Secondary Antibodies |
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugates | Select ELISA AP-conjugated secondary antibodies Learn more about our Alkaline Phosphatase Conjugated Secondary Antibodies |
Beta-Galactosidase (beta-Gal) conjugates | Select ELISA beta-Gal–conjugated secondary antibodies |
Learn about our ELISA kit formats including complete, ready-to-use kits as well as preoptimized reagents to design your own assay.
Select from a wide variety of easy-to-use and reliable blocking buffers and reagents for ELISA applications.
We offer centrifuges, cold storage equipment, dispensers, incubator/shakers, microplates, pipettes and tips, and microplate readers and washers to help meet all your ELISA needs.
Choose from an array of microplates with a variety of surfaces optimized to capture the biomolecule of your choice.
Find protocols for a standard sandwich ELISA using a 96-well plate for the detection techniques—colorimetric, chemiluminescent, and fluorescent detection.
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