CellTrace Violet Cell Proliferation Kit Protocol

The CellTrace Violet kit is used to monitor distinct generations of proliferating cells by dye dilution. Live cells are covalently labeled with a very bright, stable dye. Every generation of cells appears as a different peak on a flow cytometry histogram.

Culture medium preparation

1. To 1 L OpTmizer  T Cell Expansion SFM, add the following:
   • 26 mL of T Cell Expansion Supplement (supplied in Cat. No. A10485-01)
   • 10 mL of Penicillin-Streptomycin-Glutamine
2. Complete medium is stable for 4 weeks when stored at 2–8°C in the dark

Mononuclear cell isolation from whole blood

1. Dilute 10 mL whole blood in 10 mL PBS and mix well
2. Add 15 mL Ficoll-Paque™ Plus to a 50 mL centrifuge tube and gently layer 20 mL diluted whole blood on top
3. Centrifuge for 30 minutes at 400 x g
4. Carefully remove lymphocyte layer and transfer to a new tube
5. Resuspend cells in 25 mL DPBS buffer in a 50 mL conical tube
6. Centrifuge for 5 minutes at 300 x g, pour off supernatant, and resuspend in 25 mL DPBS
7. Repeat wash step and resuspend in 10 mL DPBS
8. Count cells on the Countess Automated Counter or by another method; adjust concentration to 10⁶ cells/mL

Cell staining

1. Add 20 µL DMSO to a vial of CellTrace Violet staining solution
2. Dilute this stock solution into 20 mL of PBS (warmed to 37°C) for a 5 µM staining solution
3. Add 10 mL of cells to a 50 mL centrifuge tube
4. Centrifuge cells for 5 minutes at 300 x g and carefully pour off supernatant
5. Resuspend cells in 10 mL of CellTrace Violet staining solution
6. Incubate cells for 20 minutes in a 37°C water bath
7. Add 40 mL OpTmizer T Cell Expansion SFM to the cells to absorb any unbound dye
8. Incubate cells for for 5 minutes
9. Centrifuge cells for 5 minutes at 300 x g and resuspend the cell pellet in pre-warmed OpTmizer T Cell Expansion SFM

Stimulation and analysis

1. Distribute aliquots of stained cells into culture plates or flasks
2. Stimulate with 50 µL Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 per 1 mL of cells, or other stimulus
3. Incubate for desired length of time under growth conditions
4. Harvest cells and stain for other markers if appropriate
5. Analyze using a flow cytometer with 405 nm excitation and a 450/40 bandpass emission filter

Human PBMCs stained with CellTrace Violet reagent and stimulated in culture for 7 days. The discrete peaks in this histogram represent successive generations of live cells. Analysis was completed using the Attune Acoustic Focusing Cytometer with 405 nm excitation and a 450/40 nm bandpass emission filter. The unstimulated parent generation is indicated in red.