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Any time you have markers that you know will be co-expressed on your cells of interest, make sure to space them out into separate channels. If you will need to use any adjacent channels, that's where you would put any markers that are mutually exclusive so that they'll still be easy to distinguish.

You'll also want to keep in mind the buffer that you're using to fix and permeabilize your cells, as we have several options. When you're looking at cytoplasmic targets, what the buffer is appropriate may not be the same as when you're looking at nuclear targets, because you want to make sure that you still have access to your antigens without over-fixing your epitopes.

A third tip I wanted to share with you is to always include a viability dye in your staining panel. This will help eliminate any false positives that are caused by dead cells or debris, because those can be sticky. You have a lot of options for choosing a viability dye, so you don't need to design your panel around them. You can build out the rest of your panel and optimize your core markers, and then fit in a viability dye in an empty channel.

As you're building out your basic panel and you want to incorporate some more antigens, make sure you're keeping the density of your antigen expression in mind. So if you have antigens with low or unknown expression, those would be ones that you want to assign to your brightest dyes, such as PE or APC.

A helpful trick when you want to exclude a lot of cell types at once without having to suck up multiple channels for that would be to use a dump channel. This is where you're placing all the antibodies that identify your cells that are not of interest into the same channel with the same fluorochrome, and then those can be easily gated out and all of the cells negative for the dump channel would be those that you use for your analysis going forward.