PG2152-PJT6527-COL112333-ET3-Gibco-Protein-Expression-Basics-Global-F

Gibco Protein Expression Basics 페이지는 온라인 허브로서 여러분의 실험에 도움이 되는 교육 자료 및 tool이 모여 있는 페이지입니다. 새로운 protein expression 실험을 계획하고 계시거나 새로운 정보가 필요하시다면 여기서 protein expression selection guide, handbook, educational video, technical resource를 확인해 보세요.

새로운 project에 대한 가이드가 필요하십니까? 혹은 troubleshooting의 전문가나 제품에 대한 정보가 필요하신가요?

여러분의 protein expression application에 필요한 사항을 말해주세요. 전문가가 여러분과 함께 고민하고 저희가 가지고 있는 솔루션을 제공해 드리기 위해 연락 드릴 예정입니다.

전문가에게 연락하기

실험에 알맞은 Expression System을 확인해 보세요

저희 Selection tool은 여러분이 많은 protein expression system들을 비교할 수 있도록 도와 드리고, 여러분이 원하는 yield와 timeline에 맞출 수 있으며 성공적인 결과를 확인할 수 있는 system을 고를 수 있도록 도와드립니다.

Expression System 확인하기

Protein Expression Handbook

이 Protein Expression Handbook은 여러분께서 진행하시는 특정 실험에 알맞은 Expression system과 purification technology를 선택하는데 도움을 드릴 수 있습니다. 실험 초기 단계에서 여러가지 실험 팁과 방법들을 이 책을 통해 확인하신다면, 여러분은 protein expression 실험에서 매일 당면하는 문제들의 해답을 얻을 수 있을 것입니다.

Request your free copy

Gibco protein expression webinars

전문가들이 진행했던 on-demand webinar 입니다. Protein Expression의 최신 동향과 기술들을 확인해 보세요.

COVID-19 Serology Assays and Cell Therapy Strategies

Presented by Fatima Amanat (Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai), Dean Lee (Director of the Cellular Therapy and Cancer Immunology Program and Physician at Nationwide Children's Hospital), and Lior Raviv (Vice President Development & Operations, Pluristem Therapeutics Inc.)

Harnessing the Power of Protein Expression Systems in Vaccine Development

Presented by Roland Leathers, PhD, Senior Manager, Strategic Alliances Europe, India & Australasia, Stem Cell Systems & Drug Discovery Solutions, Thermo Fisher Scientific

Streamlining the Biologics Development Process: From Transient to Stable Production in the ExpiCHO System

Presented by Jonathan Zmuda, Ph.D.

ExpiSf Expression System: A Chemically defined baculovirus-based expression system for enhanced protein and virus production in Sf9 cells
Presented by Ken Thompson, PhD

Expression, purification, and characterization of difficult to express membrane proteins in the Expi293 and ExpiCHO expression systems
Presented by Anass Jawhari, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer, CALIXAR

Enabling next-generation targeted siRNA therapies with ExpiCHO
Presented by Ian Huggins, PhD, Post-Doctoral Fellow, UC San Diego

Factor V expression in ExpiCHO cells
Presented by Laurent Mosnier, PhD, Associate Professor, The Scripps Research Institute

Expi293: new tools for structural biology and difficult to express proteins
Presented by Jon Zmuda, PhD, Director Cell Biology R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific

Gibco ExpressionWorld 2016: Development of a mammalian recombinant protein production suite

Gibco ExpressionWorld 2016: Streamlining the drug development process with the ExpiCHO system

Protein Expression Publication Hub

다양한 Array와 downstream application을 목적으로 한 protein production의 High-yield와 지속적인 protein production을 protein expression system은 가능하게 합니다. Protein의 용해도, 기능성, 정제 속도, 그리고 수득률은 protein expression system 선택에 있어서 중요한 요소들입니다. Thermo Fisher Scientific은 Protein Expression 분야에서 혁신을 이끌어 왔으며, 여러분의 니즈에 맞는 통합된 solution을 제공하는 새로운 platform의 개발을 더 빠르게 이끌었습니다.

이 publication hub는 여러분에게 다른 과학자들이 Expi protein expression system을 통해 그들의 연구를 더 발전시켰는지 깊이있게 볼 수 있도록 도와드립니다. 자사의 Expi System은 Transient expression에 있어서 강력한 통합 solution으로서, biotechnology, gene therapy, immunotherapy, immunology, structural, functional, vaccine, infectious disease 연구를 위한 단백질을 높은 yield와 일관된 형태로 생산할 수 있도록 합니다.

Application, host type, expression system으로 filtering하여 원하시는 논문을 확인 해 보세요.

  1. Applications:

  1. Host type:

  2. Expression system:

TitleJournalYearApplicationExpression System
SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Responses towards Full-Length Spike Protein and the Receptor-Binding DomainThe Journal of Immunology2021COVIDExpi293
Selective activation of pro-anti-IL-1β antibody enhances specificity for autoinflammatory disorder therapyScientific Reports2021ImmunotherapyExpi293
Isolation and characterization of porcine monoclonal antibodies revealed two distinct serotype-independent epitopes on VP2 of foot-and-mouth disease virusJournal of General Virology2021Infectious DiseaseExpiCHO
Bi-specific and Tri-specific NK Cell Engagers: The New Avenue of Targeted NK Cell ImmunotherapyMolecular Diagnosis & Therapy2021ImmunotherapyExpi293
Attenuating nicotine’s effects with high affinity human anti-nicotine monoclonal antibodiesPLoS One2021ImmunologyExpiCHO
Cryo-EM structures of inhibitory antibodies complexed with arginase 1 provide insight into mechanism of actionCommunications Biology2021Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Screening of potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using convalescent patients-derived phage-display librariesCell Discovery2021COVIDExpi293
Solenoid architecture of HUWE1 contributes to ligase activity and substrate recognitionMolecular Cell2021Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 S Protein: Biophysical, Biochemical, Structural, and Antigenic AnalysisACS Omega2020COVIDExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Production of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles in insect cellsMDPI Vaccines2021COVIDExpiSf
Evaluation of novel recombinant porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) vaccine in pigs naturally infected with PCV2dVaccine2021VaccineExpiSf
Enhancement of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis in anti‐HIV‐1 bovine chimeric broadly-neutralizing antibodiesJournal of Virology2021Infectious Diseases Expi293
Proprotein Convertase Is the Highest-Level Activator of the Alternative Complement Pathway in the BloodThe Journal of Immunology2021Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Development of a highly specific serodiagnostic ELISA for West Nile virus infection using subviral particlesScientific Reports2021BiotechnologyExpi293
Meningeal lymphatics affect microglia responses and anti-Aβ immunotherapyNature2021ImmunotherapyExpi293
Structures of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus with neutralizing antibodies derived from recovered natural host reveal a mechanism for cross-serotype neutralizationPLOS Pathogens2021Virus Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Broadly neutralizing antibody cocktails targeting Nipah virus and Hendra virus fusion glycoproteinsNature Structural & Molecular Biology2021Infectious Diseases ExpiCHO
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) synergistically potentiated the proinflammatory action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) through their direct interactionsMolecular Biology Reports2020Protein Structure/FunctionExpiSf
Broad and potently neutralizing monoclonal antibodies isolated from human survivors of New World hantavirus infectionCell Reports2021Infectious Diseases Expi293 and ExpiCHO
Antibody evasion by the P.1 strain of SARS-CoV-2Cell2021COVIDExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Long-term persistence of RBD + memory B cells encoding neutralizing antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 infectionCell Reports Medicine2021COVIDExpi293
Immunogenicity of prime-boost protein subunit vaccine strategies against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and macaquesNature Communications2021COVIDExpi293
Conserved and Novel Mouse CD8 T Cell Epitopes within SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain Protein Identified following Subunit VaccinationThe Journal of Immunology2021COVIDExpi293
Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic COVID-19 is persistent and critical for survivalNature Communications2021COVIDExpi293
Heparin-binding VEGFR1 variants as long-acting VEGF inhibitors for treatment of intraocular neovascular disordersPNAS2021Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Implementing a method for engineering multivalency to substantially enhance binding of clinical trial anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to wildtype spike and variants of concern proteinsScientific Reports2021COVIDExpi293
Mining of linear B cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein from COVID-19 patientsEmerging Microbes & Infections2021COVIDExpi293
A bispecific antibody agonist of the IL-2 heterodimeric receptor preferentially promotes in vivo expansion of CD8 and NK cellsScientific Reports2021Immunology ExpiCHO
Antigen-driven autoantibody production in lungs of interstitial lung disease with autoimmune diseaseJournal of Autoimmunity2021Immunology Expi293
Engineering a natural ligand-based CAR: directed evolution of the stress-receptor NKp30Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy2021ImmunotherapyExpi293
Protective neutralizing antibodies from human survivors of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic feverCell2021Infectious Diseases ExpiCHO
Attenuating CD3 affinity in a PSMAxCD3 bispecific antibody enables killing of prostate tumor cells with reduced cytokine releaseJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer2021ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Performance of a SARS CoV-2 antibody ELISA based on simultaneous measurement of antibodies against the viral nucleoprotein and receptor-binding domainEuropean Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases2021COVIDExpi293
A novel multiplexed Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the detection of IgG seroreactivity to cytomegalovirus (CMV) UL144Journal of Clinical Microbiology2021BiotechnologyExpi293
Polymorphic SERPINA3-R124C reduces pathogenesis of its wild type by shortening the life time of oligomeric AβBioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry2021Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Development of CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen as a subunit vaccine against COVID-19Scientific Reports2020COVIDExpiCHO
Nasal delivery of an IgM offers broad protection from SARS-CoV-2 variantsNature2021COVIDExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Multivalency transforms SARS-CoV-2 antibodies into ultrapotent neutralizersNature Communications2021COVIDExpi293
Conformation-sensitive targeting of lipid nanoparticles for RNA therapeuticsNature Nanotechnology2021BiotechnologyExpi293
Primary, Recall, and Decay Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Antibody ResponsesACS Nano2021COVIDExpi293
Generation of a safe and efficacious llama single-domain antibody fragment (vHH) targeting the membrane-proximal region of 4-1BB for engineering therapeutic bispecific antibodies for cancerJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer2021ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
High-affinity five/six-letter DNA aptamers with superior specificity enabling the detection of dengue NS1 protein variants beyond the serotype identificationNucleic Acids Research2021Infectious Diseases ExpiCHO
A Rapid Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies That Is Insensitive to Antiretroviral DrugsThe Journal of Immunology2021COVIDExpi293
Structural mechanism of laminin recognition by integrinNature Communications2021Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Ultrapotent antibodies against diverse and highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variantsScience2021COVIDExpi293
Phosphatidylserine-Targeting Monoclonal Antibodies Exhibit Distinct Biochemical and Cellular Effects on Anti-CD3/CD28–Stimulated T Cell IFN-γ and TNF-α ProductionThe Journal of Immunology2021Immunology Expi293
Novel anti-4-1BB×PD-L1 bispecific antibody augments anti-tumor immunity through tumor-directed T-cell activation and checkpoint blockadeJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer2021ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Diverse high-affinity DNA aptamers for wild-type and B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins from a pre-structured DNA libraryNucleic Acids Research2021COVIDExpi293
Broadly cross-reactive human antibodies that inhibit genogroup I and II norovirusesNature Communications2021Infectious Diseases ExpiCHO
Simultaneous evaluation of antibodies that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 variants via multiplex assayJCI Insight2021COVIDExpi293
CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protected hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challengeScientific Reports2021COVIDExpiCHO
Site-Specific Bioconjugation Using SMARTag® Technology: A Practical and Effective Chemoenzymatic Approach to Generate Antibody–Drug ConjugatesMethods in Molecular Biology2019BiotechnologyExpiCHO
Optimizing high throughput antibody purification by using continuous chromatography mediaProtein Expression and Purification 2019BiotechnologyExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Simply Mixing Poly Protein G with Detection Antibodies Enhances the Detection Limit and Sensitivity of ImmunoassaysAnalytical Chemistry2019BiotechnologyExpi293
Site Selective Antibody-Oligonucleotide Conjugation via Microbial TransglutaminaseMolecules2019BiotechnologyExpiCHO
Rapid isolation and enrichment of extracellular vesicle preparations using anion exchange chromatographyNature Scientific Reports2018BiotechnologyExpi293
Transient CHO expression platform for robust antibody production and its enhanced N‐glycan sialylation on therapeutic glycoproteinsBiotechnology Progress2018BiotechnologyExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Scalable method utilizing low pH for DNA removal in the harvest of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectorsJournal of Chromatography B2019Gene Therapy Expi293
Sodium Chloride Enhances Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Production in a Serum-Free Suspension Manufacturing Platform Using the Herpes Simplex Virus SystemHuman Gene Therapy Methods2017Gene Therapy Expi293
Chemically Defined, High-Density Insect Cell-Based Expression System for Scalable AAV Vector ProductionMolecular Therapy Methods and Clinical Development2020Gene Therapy ExpiSf
Methods Matter: Standard Production Platforms for Recombinant AAV Produce Chemically and Functionally Distinct VectorsMolecular Therapy Methods and Clinical Development2020Gene Therapy Expi293
Gene delivery of a modified antibody to Aβ reduces progression of murine Alzheimer’s diseasePLoS One2019ImmunotherapyExpi293
Vectored delivery of anti-SIV envelope targeting mAb via AAV8 protects rhesus macaques from repeated limiting dose intrarectal swarm SIVsmE660 challengePLoS Pathogens 2018ImmunotherapyExpi293
Establishment of P38Bf, a Core-Fucose-Deficient Mouse-Canine Chimeric Antibody Against Dog PodoplaninMonoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy2018ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Enhancing protective microglial activities with a dual function TREM2 antibody to the stalk regionEMBO Molecular Medicine 2020ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Specific Sialoforms Required for the Immune Suppressive Activity of Human Soluble CD52Frontiers in Immunology2019ImmunotherapyExpi293
Design and preclinical characterization of ALXN1210: a novel anti-C5 antibody with extended duration of actionPLOS One 2018ImmunotherapyExpi293
Antibody–Drug Conjugates Using Mouse–Canine Chimeric Anti-Dog Podoplanin Antibody Exerts Antitumor Activity in a Mouse Xenograft ModelMonoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy2020ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Antibody-Based Targeting of Cell Surface GRP94 Specifically Inhibits Cetuximab-Resistant Colorectal Cancer GrowthBiomolecules2019ImmunotherapyExpi293
Blocking Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Function via Anti-DC-HIL/GPNMB Antibody Restores the In Vitro Integrity of T Cells from Cancer PatientsClinical Cancer Research2019ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Dual targeting of RANKL and PD‐1 with a bispecific antibody improves anti‐tumor immunityClinical and Translational Immunology2019ImmunotherapyExpi293 and ExpiCHO
The Strong Propensity of Cadherin‐23 for Aggregation Inhibits Cell MigrationMolecular Oncology2019ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Engineering and stable production of recombinant IgE for cancer immunotherapy and AllergoOncologyJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology2018ImmunotherapyExpi293
Differentiated agonistic antibody targeting CD137 eradicates large tumors without hepatotoxicityJournal of Clinical Investigation2020ImmunotherapyExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Enhanced Production of Anti-PD1 Antibody in CHO Cells through Transient Co-Transfection with Anti-Apoptotic Gene Bcl-xL Combined with RapamycinBioprocess and Biosystems Engineering2018ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Discovery and characterization of single-domain antibodies for polymeric Ig receptor-mediated mucosal delivery of biologicsmAbs2020ImmunologyExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Engineering a high-affinity peptide binding site into the anti-CEA mAb M5AProtein Engineering Design & Selection2017ImmunologyExpiCHO
Human IgG subclass cross-species reactivity to mouse and cynomolgus monkey Fcγ receptorsImmunology Letters 2018ImmunologyExpi293
Early identification of unusually clustered mutations and root causes in therapeutic antibody developmentBiotechnology and Bioengineering 2018ImmunologyExpiCHO
Stabilization of the CD81 Large Extracellular Loop with De Novo Disulfide Bonds Improves Its Amenability for Peptide GraftingMDPI Pharmaceutics2018ImmunologyExpiCHO
Rapid charge variant analysis of monoclonal antibodies to support lead candidate biopharmaceutical developmentJournal of Chromatography B2018ImmunologyExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Lysosomal Protein Thermal Stability Does Not Correlate With Cellular Half-Life: Global Observations and a Case Study of Tripeptidyl-Peptidase 1Biochemical Journal 2020Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Molecular basis for dyneinopathies reveals insight into dynein regulation and dysfunctioneLife Science2019Protein Structure/FunctionExpiSf
Comparative Glycopeptide Analysis for Protein Glycosylation by Liquid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Variation in Glycosylation Patterns of Site-Directed Mutagenized GlycoproteinInternational Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2018Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Mammalian plasma fetuin-B is a selective inhibitor of ovastacin and meprin metalloproteinasesNature Scientific Reports2019Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Tailored tetravalent antibodies potently and specifically activate Wnt/Frizzled pathways in cells, organoids and miceeLife Science2019Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
IL-2 Shapes the Survival and Plasticity of IL-17–Producing γδ T CellsJournal of Immunology2017Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Identification of the gene that codes for the σ2 receptorPNAS2017Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Novel CH1:CL interfaces that enhance correct light chain pairing in heterodimeric bispecific antibodies Protein Engineering, Design and Selection2017Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Mechanically interlocked functionalization of monoclonal antibodiesNature Communications2018Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Antibody-drug conjugate library prepared by scanning insertion of the aldehyde tag into IgG1 constant regionsmAbs2018Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Pac1/LIS1 promotes an uninhibited conformation of dynein that coordinates its localization and activityNature Cell Biology2020Protein Structure/FunctionExpiSf
The Biochemical and Functional Characterization of M28 Aminopeptidase Protein Secreted by Acanthamoeba spp. on Host Cell InteractionMolecules2019Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibodyNature2020COVIDExpiCHO
Activation of latent transforming growth factor-β1, a conserved function for pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoproteinsMolecular Human Reproduction2018Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Expression of glycosylated human prolactin in HEK293 cells and related N-glycan composition analysisAMB Express2019Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Optimizing high-yield production of SARS-CoV-2 soluble spike trimers for serology assaysProtein Expression and Purification 2020COVIDExpi293
Oligomeric state of the ZIKV E protein defines protective immune responsesNature Communications2019VaccineExpi293
In Vitro Assembly and Stabilization of Dengue and Zika Virus Envelope Protein Homo-DimersNature Scientific Reports2017VaccineExpi293
HIV-1 vaccine design through minimizing envelope metastabilityScience Advances 2018Vaccine ExpiCHO
Soluble Recombinant Hemagglutinin Protein of H1N1pdm09 Influenza Virus Elicits Cross-Protection Against a Lethal H5N1 Challenge in MiceFrontiers in Microbiology2019Vaccine Expi293
Nanoparticle delivery of a tetravalent E protein subunit vaccine induces balanced, type-specific neutralizing antibodies to each dengue virus serotypePLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2018Vaccine Expi293
Synthetic DNA delivery by electroporation promotes robust in vivo sulfation of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV immunoadhesin eCD4-IgEBioMedicine 2018Vaccine Expi293
Neuraminidase Inhibition Contributes to Influenza A Virus Neutralization by Anti-Hemagglutinin Stem AntibodiesJournal of Experimental Medicine 2019Vaccine Expi293
Zika virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccinePLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2017Vaccine Expi293
Framework Mutations of the 10-1074 bnAb Increase Conformational Stability, Manufacturability, and Stability While Preserving Full Neutralization ActivityJournal of Pharmaceutical Sciences2019Vaccine ExpiCHO
Recurring and Adaptable Binding Motifs in Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to Influenza Virus Are Encoded on the D3-9 Segment of the Ig GeneCell Host & Microbe 2018Vaccine ExpiCHO
Broadly neutralizing human antibodies against dengue virus identified by single B cell transcriptomicseLife Science2019Vaccine Expi293 and ExpiCHO
Immunoglobulin fragment F(ab’)2 against RBD potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in vitroAntiviral Research2020COVIDExpiCHO
Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2Science2020COVIDExpi293
Optimization of Surface Display of DENV2 E Protein on a Nanoparticle to Induce Virus Specific Neutralizing Antibody ResponsesBioconjugate Chemistry2018Vaccine Expi293
Proof of concept for rational design of hepatitis C virus E2 core nanoparticle vaccinesScience Advances 2020Vaccine ExpiCHO
Preventing an Antigenically Disruptive Mutation in Egg-Based H3N2 Seasonal Influenza Vaccines by Mutational IncompatibilityCell Host & Microbe 2019Vaccine ExpiCHO
Crystal structures of human Fabs targeting the Bexsero meningococcal vaccine antigen NHBAActa Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications2017Vaccine Expi293
SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion in Humans: A Detailed Protocol for a Serological Assay, Antigen Production, and Test SetupCurrent Protocols in Microbiology2020COVIDExpi293
Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformationScience2020COVIDExpi293
A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoVScience2020COVIDExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigenPNAS2017COVIDExpi293
Structural Basis for Potent Neutralization of Betacoronaviruses by Single-domain Camelid AntibodiesCell2020COVIDExpiCHO
Cryo-EM structure of full-length HIV-1 Env bound with the Fab of antibody PG16Journal of Molecular Biology2020COVIDExpi293
Structure-based design of prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spikesScience2020COVIDExpiCHO
Potent neutralizing antibodies directed to multiple epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spikeNature 2020COVIDExpi293

Expi Expression Systems

Application notes

Protocol Calculator

Literature

Protocol guide

Scientific posters

Additional resources

실험에 알맞은 Expression System을 확인해 보세요

저희 Selection tool은 여러분이 많은 protein expression system들을 비교할 수 있도록 도와 드리고, 여러분이 원하는 yield와 timeline에 맞출 수 있으며 성공적인 결과를 확인할 수 있는 system을 고를 수 있도록 도와드립니다.

Expression System 확인하기

Protein Expression Handbook

이 Protein Expression Handbook은 여러분께서 진행하시는 특정 실험에 알맞은 Expression system과 purification technology를 선택하는데 도움을 드릴 수 있습니다. 실험 초기 단계에서 여러가지 실험 팁과 방법들을 이 책을 통해 확인하신다면, 여러분은 protein expression 실험에서 매일 당면하는 문제들의 해답을 얻을 수 있을 것입니다.

Request your free copy

Gibco protein expression webinars

전문가들이 진행했던 on-demand webinar 입니다. Protein Expression의 최신 동향과 기술들을 확인해 보세요.

COVID-19 Serology Assays and Cell Therapy Strategies

Presented by Fatima Amanat (Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai), Dean Lee (Director of the Cellular Therapy and Cancer Immunology Program and Physician at Nationwide Children's Hospital), and Lior Raviv (Vice President Development & Operations, Pluristem Therapeutics Inc.)

Harnessing the Power of Protein Expression Systems in Vaccine Development

Presented by Roland Leathers, PhD, Senior Manager, Strategic Alliances Europe, India & Australasia, Stem Cell Systems & Drug Discovery Solutions, Thermo Fisher Scientific

Streamlining the Biologics Development Process: From Transient to Stable Production in the ExpiCHO System

Presented by Jonathan Zmuda, Ph.D.

ExpiSf Expression System: A Chemically defined baculovirus-based expression system for enhanced protein and virus production in Sf9 cells
Presented by Ken Thompson, PhD

Expression, purification, and characterization of difficult to express membrane proteins in the Expi293 and ExpiCHO expression systems
Presented by Anass Jawhari, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer, CALIXAR

Enabling next-generation targeted siRNA therapies with ExpiCHO
Presented by Ian Huggins, PhD, Post-Doctoral Fellow, UC San Diego

Factor V expression in ExpiCHO cells
Presented by Laurent Mosnier, PhD, Associate Professor, The Scripps Research Institute

Expi293: new tools for structural biology and difficult to express proteins
Presented by Jon Zmuda, PhD, Director Cell Biology R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific

Gibco ExpressionWorld 2016: Development of a mammalian recombinant protein production suite

Gibco ExpressionWorld 2016: Streamlining the drug development process with the ExpiCHO system

Protein Expression Publication Hub

다양한 Array와 downstream application을 목적으로 한 protein production의 High-yield와 지속적인 protein production을 protein expression system은 가능하게 합니다. Protein의 용해도, 기능성, 정제 속도, 그리고 수득률은 protein expression system 선택에 있어서 중요한 요소들입니다. Thermo Fisher Scientific은 Protein Expression 분야에서 혁신을 이끌어 왔으며, 여러분의 니즈에 맞는 통합된 solution을 제공하는 새로운 platform의 개발을 더 빠르게 이끌었습니다.

이 publication hub는 여러분에게 다른 과학자들이 Expi protein expression system을 통해 그들의 연구를 더 발전시켰는지 깊이있게 볼 수 있도록 도와드립니다. 자사의 Expi System은 Transient expression에 있어서 강력한 통합 solution으로서, biotechnology, gene therapy, immunotherapy, immunology, structural, functional, vaccine, infectious disease 연구를 위한 단백질을 높은 yield와 일관된 형태로 생산할 수 있도록 합니다.

Application, host type, expression system으로 filtering하여 원하시는 논문을 확인 해 보세요.

  1. Applications:

  1. Host type:

  2. Expression system:

TitleJournalYearApplicationExpression System
SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Responses towards Full-Length Spike Protein and the Receptor-Binding DomainThe Journal of Immunology2021COVIDExpi293
Selective activation of pro-anti-IL-1β antibody enhances specificity for autoinflammatory disorder therapyScientific Reports2021ImmunotherapyExpi293
Isolation and characterization of porcine monoclonal antibodies revealed two distinct serotype-independent epitopes on VP2 of foot-and-mouth disease virusJournal of General Virology2021Infectious DiseaseExpiCHO
Bi-specific and Tri-specific NK Cell Engagers: The New Avenue of Targeted NK Cell ImmunotherapyMolecular Diagnosis & Therapy2021ImmunotherapyExpi293
Attenuating nicotine’s effects with high affinity human anti-nicotine monoclonal antibodiesPLoS One2021ImmunologyExpiCHO
Cryo-EM structures of inhibitory antibodies complexed with arginase 1 provide insight into mechanism of actionCommunications Biology2021Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Screening of potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using convalescent patients-derived phage-display librariesCell Discovery2021COVIDExpi293
Solenoid architecture of HUWE1 contributes to ligase activity and substrate recognitionMolecular Cell2021Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 S Protein: Biophysical, Biochemical, Structural, and Antigenic AnalysisACS Omega2020COVIDExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Production of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles in insect cellsMDPI Vaccines2021COVIDExpiSf
Evaluation of novel recombinant porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) vaccine in pigs naturally infected with PCV2dVaccine2021VaccineExpiSf
Enhancement of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis in anti‐HIV‐1 bovine chimeric broadly-neutralizing antibodiesJournal of Virology2021Infectious Diseases Expi293
Proprotein Convertase Is the Highest-Level Activator of the Alternative Complement Pathway in the BloodThe Journal of Immunology2021Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Development of a highly specific serodiagnostic ELISA for West Nile virus infection using subviral particlesScientific Reports2021BiotechnologyExpi293
Meningeal lymphatics affect microglia responses and anti-Aβ immunotherapyNature2021ImmunotherapyExpi293
Structures of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus with neutralizing antibodies derived from recovered natural host reveal a mechanism for cross-serotype neutralizationPLOS Pathogens2021Virus Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Broadly neutralizing antibody cocktails targeting Nipah virus and Hendra virus fusion glycoproteinsNature Structural & Molecular Biology2021Infectious Diseases ExpiCHO
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) synergistically potentiated the proinflammatory action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) through their direct interactionsMolecular Biology Reports2020Protein Structure/FunctionExpiSf
Broad and potently neutralizing monoclonal antibodies isolated from human survivors of New World hantavirus infectionCell Reports2021Infectious Diseases Expi293 and ExpiCHO
Antibody evasion by the P.1 strain of SARS-CoV-2Cell2021COVIDExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Long-term persistence of RBD + memory B cells encoding neutralizing antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 infectionCell Reports Medicine2021COVIDExpi293
Immunogenicity of prime-boost protein subunit vaccine strategies against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and macaquesNature Communications2021COVIDExpi293
Conserved and Novel Mouse CD8 T Cell Epitopes within SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain Protein Identified following Subunit VaccinationThe Journal of Immunology2021COVIDExpi293
Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic COVID-19 is persistent and critical for survivalNature Communications2021COVIDExpi293
Heparin-binding VEGFR1 variants as long-acting VEGF inhibitors for treatment of intraocular neovascular disordersPNAS2021Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Implementing a method for engineering multivalency to substantially enhance binding of clinical trial anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to wildtype spike and variants of concern proteinsScientific Reports2021COVIDExpi293
Mining of linear B cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein from COVID-19 patientsEmerging Microbes & Infections2021COVIDExpi293
A bispecific antibody agonist of the IL-2 heterodimeric receptor preferentially promotes in vivo expansion of CD8 and NK cellsScientific Reports2021Immunology ExpiCHO
Antigen-driven autoantibody production in lungs of interstitial lung disease with autoimmune diseaseJournal of Autoimmunity2021Immunology Expi293
Engineering a natural ligand-based CAR: directed evolution of the stress-receptor NKp30Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy2021ImmunotherapyExpi293
Protective neutralizing antibodies from human survivors of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic feverCell2021Infectious Diseases ExpiCHO
Attenuating CD3 affinity in a PSMAxCD3 bispecific antibody enables killing of prostate tumor cells with reduced cytokine releaseJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer2021ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Performance of a SARS CoV-2 antibody ELISA based on simultaneous measurement of antibodies against the viral nucleoprotein and receptor-binding domainEuropean Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases2021COVIDExpi293
A novel multiplexed Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the detection of IgG seroreactivity to cytomegalovirus (CMV) UL144Journal of Clinical Microbiology2021BiotechnologyExpi293
Polymorphic SERPINA3-R124C reduces pathogenesis of its wild type by shortening the life time of oligomeric AβBioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry2021Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Development of CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen as a subunit vaccine against COVID-19Scientific Reports2020COVIDExpiCHO
Nasal delivery of an IgM offers broad protection from SARS-CoV-2 variantsNature2021COVIDExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Multivalency transforms SARS-CoV-2 antibodies into ultrapotent neutralizersNature Communications2021COVIDExpi293
Conformation-sensitive targeting of lipid nanoparticles for RNA therapeuticsNature Nanotechnology2021BiotechnologyExpi293
Primary, Recall, and Decay Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Antibody ResponsesACS Nano2021COVIDExpi293
Generation of a safe and efficacious llama single-domain antibody fragment (vHH) targeting the membrane-proximal region of 4-1BB for engineering therapeutic bispecific antibodies for cancerJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer2021ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
High-affinity five/six-letter DNA aptamers with superior specificity enabling the detection of dengue NS1 protein variants beyond the serotype identificationNucleic Acids Research2021Infectious Diseases ExpiCHO
A Rapid Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies That Is Insensitive to Antiretroviral DrugsThe Journal of Immunology2021COVIDExpi293
Structural mechanism of laminin recognition by integrinNature Communications2021Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Ultrapotent antibodies against diverse and highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variantsScience2021COVIDExpi293
Phosphatidylserine-Targeting Monoclonal Antibodies Exhibit Distinct Biochemical and Cellular Effects on Anti-CD3/CD28–Stimulated T Cell IFN-γ and TNF-α ProductionThe Journal of Immunology2021Immunology Expi293
Novel anti-4-1BB×PD-L1 bispecific antibody augments anti-tumor immunity through tumor-directed T-cell activation and checkpoint blockadeJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer2021ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Diverse high-affinity DNA aptamers for wild-type and B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins from a pre-structured DNA libraryNucleic Acids Research2021COVIDExpi293
Broadly cross-reactive human antibodies that inhibit genogroup I and II norovirusesNature Communications2021Infectious Diseases ExpiCHO
Simultaneous evaluation of antibodies that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 variants via multiplex assayJCI Insight2021COVIDExpi293
CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protected hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challengeScientific Reports2021COVIDExpiCHO
Site-Specific Bioconjugation Using SMARTag® Technology: A Practical and Effective Chemoenzymatic Approach to Generate Antibody–Drug ConjugatesMethods in Molecular Biology2019BiotechnologyExpiCHO
Optimizing high throughput antibody purification by using continuous chromatography mediaProtein Expression and Purification 2019BiotechnologyExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Simply Mixing Poly Protein G with Detection Antibodies Enhances the Detection Limit and Sensitivity of ImmunoassaysAnalytical Chemistry2019BiotechnologyExpi293
Site Selective Antibody-Oligonucleotide Conjugation via Microbial TransglutaminaseMolecules2019BiotechnologyExpiCHO
Rapid isolation and enrichment of extracellular vesicle preparations using anion exchange chromatographyNature Scientific Reports2018BiotechnologyExpi293
Transient CHO expression platform for robust antibody production and its enhanced N‐glycan sialylation on therapeutic glycoproteinsBiotechnology Progress2018BiotechnologyExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Scalable method utilizing low pH for DNA removal in the harvest of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectorsJournal of Chromatography B2019Gene Therapy Expi293
Sodium Chloride Enhances Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Production in a Serum-Free Suspension Manufacturing Platform Using the Herpes Simplex Virus SystemHuman Gene Therapy Methods2017Gene Therapy Expi293
Chemically Defined, High-Density Insect Cell-Based Expression System for Scalable AAV Vector ProductionMolecular Therapy Methods and Clinical Development2020Gene Therapy ExpiSf
Methods Matter: Standard Production Platforms for Recombinant AAV Produce Chemically and Functionally Distinct VectorsMolecular Therapy Methods and Clinical Development2020Gene Therapy Expi293
Gene delivery of a modified antibody to Aβ reduces progression of murine Alzheimer’s diseasePLoS One2019ImmunotherapyExpi293
Vectored delivery of anti-SIV envelope targeting mAb via AAV8 protects rhesus macaques from repeated limiting dose intrarectal swarm SIVsmE660 challengePLoS Pathogens 2018ImmunotherapyExpi293
Establishment of P38Bf, a Core-Fucose-Deficient Mouse-Canine Chimeric Antibody Against Dog PodoplaninMonoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy2018ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Enhancing protective microglial activities with a dual function TREM2 antibody to the stalk regionEMBO Molecular Medicine 2020ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Specific Sialoforms Required for the Immune Suppressive Activity of Human Soluble CD52Frontiers in Immunology2019ImmunotherapyExpi293
Design and preclinical characterization of ALXN1210: a novel anti-C5 antibody with extended duration of actionPLOS One 2018ImmunotherapyExpi293
Antibody–Drug Conjugates Using Mouse–Canine Chimeric Anti-Dog Podoplanin Antibody Exerts Antitumor Activity in a Mouse Xenograft ModelMonoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy2020ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Antibody-Based Targeting of Cell Surface GRP94 Specifically Inhibits Cetuximab-Resistant Colorectal Cancer GrowthBiomolecules2019ImmunotherapyExpi293
Blocking Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Function via Anti-DC-HIL/GPNMB Antibody Restores the In Vitro Integrity of T Cells from Cancer PatientsClinical Cancer Research2019ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Dual targeting of RANKL and PD‐1 with a bispecific antibody improves anti‐tumor immunityClinical and Translational Immunology2019ImmunotherapyExpi293 and ExpiCHO
The Strong Propensity of Cadherin‐23 for Aggregation Inhibits Cell MigrationMolecular Oncology2019ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Engineering and stable production of recombinant IgE for cancer immunotherapy and AllergoOncologyJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology2018ImmunotherapyExpi293
Differentiated agonistic antibody targeting CD137 eradicates large tumors without hepatotoxicityJournal of Clinical Investigation2020ImmunotherapyExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Enhanced Production of Anti-PD1 Antibody in CHO Cells through Transient Co-Transfection with Anti-Apoptotic Gene Bcl-xL Combined with RapamycinBioprocess and Biosystems Engineering2018ImmunotherapyExpiCHO
Discovery and characterization of single-domain antibodies for polymeric Ig receptor-mediated mucosal delivery of biologicsmAbs2020ImmunologyExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Engineering a high-affinity peptide binding site into the anti-CEA mAb M5AProtein Engineering Design & Selection2017ImmunologyExpiCHO
Human IgG subclass cross-species reactivity to mouse and cynomolgus monkey Fcγ receptorsImmunology Letters 2018ImmunologyExpi293
Early identification of unusually clustered mutations and root causes in therapeutic antibody developmentBiotechnology and Bioengineering 2018ImmunologyExpiCHO
Stabilization of the CD81 Large Extracellular Loop with De Novo Disulfide Bonds Improves Its Amenability for Peptide GraftingMDPI Pharmaceutics2018ImmunologyExpiCHO
Rapid charge variant analysis of monoclonal antibodies to support lead candidate biopharmaceutical developmentJournal of Chromatography B2018ImmunologyExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Lysosomal Protein Thermal Stability Does Not Correlate With Cellular Half-Life: Global Observations and a Case Study of Tripeptidyl-Peptidase 1Biochemical Journal 2020Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Molecular basis for dyneinopathies reveals insight into dynein regulation and dysfunctioneLife Science2019Protein Structure/FunctionExpiSf
Comparative Glycopeptide Analysis for Protein Glycosylation by Liquid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Variation in Glycosylation Patterns of Site-Directed Mutagenized GlycoproteinInternational Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2018Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Mammalian plasma fetuin-B is a selective inhibitor of ovastacin and meprin metalloproteinasesNature Scientific Reports2019Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Tailored tetravalent antibodies potently and specifically activate Wnt/Frizzled pathways in cells, organoids and miceeLife Science2019Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
IL-2 Shapes the Survival and Plasticity of IL-17–Producing γδ T CellsJournal of Immunology2017Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Identification of the gene that codes for the σ2 receptorPNAS2017Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Novel CH1:CL interfaces that enhance correct light chain pairing in heterodimeric bispecific antibodies Protein Engineering, Design and Selection2017Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Mechanically interlocked functionalization of monoclonal antibodiesNature Communications2018Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Antibody-drug conjugate library prepared by scanning insertion of the aldehyde tag into IgG1 constant regionsmAbs2018Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Pac1/LIS1 promotes an uninhibited conformation of dynein that coordinates its localization and activityNature Cell Biology2020Protein Structure/FunctionExpiSf
The Biochemical and Functional Characterization of M28 Aminopeptidase Protein Secreted by Acanthamoeba spp. on Host Cell InteractionMolecules2019Protein Structure/FunctionExpiCHO
Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibodyNature2020COVIDExpiCHO
Activation of latent transforming growth factor-β1, a conserved function for pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoproteinsMolecular Human Reproduction2018Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Expression of glycosylated human prolactin in HEK293 cells and related N-glycan composition analysisAMB Express2019Protein Structure/FunctionExpi293
Optimizing high-yield production of SARS-CoV-2 soluble spike trimers for serology assaysProtein Expression and Purification 2020COVIDExpi293
Oligomeric state of the ZIKV E protein defines protective immune responsesNature Communications2019VaccineExpi293
In Vitro Assembly and Stabilization of Dengue and Zika Virus Envelope Protein Homo-DimersNature Scientific Reports2017VaccineExpi293
HIV-1 vaccine design through minimizing envelope metastabilityScience Advances 2018Vaccine ExpiCHO
Soluble Recombinant Hemagglutinin Protein of H1N1pdm09 Influenza Virus Elicits Cross-Protection Against a Lethal H5N1 Challenge in MiceFrontiers in Microbiology2019Vaccine Expi293
Nanoparticle delivery of a tetravalent E protein subunit vaccine induces balanced, type-specific neutralizing antibodies to each dengue virus serotypePLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2018Vaccine Expi293
Synthetic DNA delivery by electroporation promotes robust in vivo sulfation of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV immunoadhesin eCD4-IgEBioMedicine 2018Vaccine Expi293
Neuraminidase Inhibition Contributes to Influenza A Virus Neutralization by Anti-Hemagglutinin Stem AntibodiesJournal of Experimental Medicine 2019Vaccine Expi293
Zika virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccinePLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2017Vaccine Expi293
Framework Mutations of the 10-1074 bnAb Increase Conformational Stability, Manufacturability, and Stability While Preserving Full Neutralization ActivityJournal of Pharmaceutical Sciences2019Vaccine ExpiCHO
Recurring and Adaptable Binding Motifs in Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to Influenza Virus Are Encoded on the D3-9 Segment of the Ig GeneCell Host & Microbe 2018Vaccine ExpiCHO
Broadly neutralizing human antibodies against dengue virus identified by single B cell transcriptomicseLife Science2019Vaccine Expi293 and ExpiCHO
Immunoglobulin fragment F(ab’)2 against RBD potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in vitroAntiviral Research2020COVIDExpiCHO
Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2Science2020COVIDExpi293
Optimization of Surface Display of DENV2 E Protein on a Nanoparticle to Induce Virus Specific Neutralizing Antibody ResponsesBioconjugate Chemistry2018Vaccine Expi293
Proof of concept for rational design of hepatitis C virus E2 core nanoparticle vaccinesScience Advances 2020Vaccine ExpiCHO
Preventing an Antigenically Disruptive Mutation in Egg-Based H3N2 Seasonal Influenza Vaccines by Mutational IncompatibilityCell Host & Microbe 2019Vaccine ExpiCHO
Crystal structures of human Fabs targeting the Bexsero meningococcal vaccine antigen NHBAActa Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications2017Vaccine Expi293
SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion in Humans: A Detailed Protocol for a Serological Assay, Antigen Production, and Test SetupCurrent Protocols in Microbiology2020COVIDExpi293
Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformationScience2020COVIDExpi293
A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoVScience2020COVIDExpi293 and ExpiCHO
Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigenPNAS2017COVIDExpi293
Structural Basis for Potent Neutralization of Betacoronaviruses by Single-domain Camelid AntibodiesCell2020COVIDExpiCHO
Cryo-EM structure of full-length HIV-1 Env bound with the Fab of antibody PG16Journal of Molecular Biology2020COVIDExpi293
Structure-based design of prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spikesScience2020COVIDExpiCHO
Potent neutralizing antibodies directed to multiple epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spikeNature 2020COVIDExpi293

Expi Expression Systems

Application notes

Protocol Calculator

Literature

Protocol guide

Scientific posters

Additional resources

Gibco Protein Expression Basics videos

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.