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Detergents for Protein Solubilization
Thermo Scientific Pierce Surfact-Amps detergents are highly purified, precisely diluted (10%) formulations that are ideal for applications or assays that are sensitive to contaminants that are present in unpurified detergents. We test every batch to ensure that our detergents contain <1.0 µeq/mL peroxides and carbonyls, and package them under nitrogen to prevent oxidization during storage.
Detergents for Protein Solubilization
| Detergent | Description (Dialyzable) | Aggregation number | Micelle MW | MW | CMC % w/v (mM) | Cloud point (°C) | Cat. No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triton X-100 | Non-ionic (No) | 140 | 90,000 | 647 | 0.0155 (0.24) | 64 | 28314 (6 x 10 mL) 85111 (50 mL) 85112 (250 mL) |
| Triton X-114 | Non-ionic (No) | — | — | 537 | 0.0113 (0.21) | 23 | 28332 (6 x 10 mL) |
| NP-40 | Non-ionic (No) | 149 | 90,000 | 617 | 0.0179 (0.29) | 80 | 28324 (6 x 10 mL) 85124 (50 mL) 85125 (500 mL) |
| Brij-35 | Non-ionic (No) | 40 | 49,000 | 1,225 | 0.1103 (0.09) | >100 | 28316 (6 x 10 mL) 85117 (50 mL) 85118 (500 mL) |
| Brij-58 | Non-ionic (No) | 70 | 82,000 | 1,120 | 0.0086 (0.08) | >100 | 28336 (6 x 10 mL) |
| Tween-20 | Non-ionic (No) | — | — | 1,228 | 0.0074 (0.06) | 95 | 28320 (6 x 10 mL) 85113 (50 mL) 85115 (500 mL) |
| Tween-80 | Non-ionic (No) | 60 | 76,000 | 1,310 | 0.0016 (0.012) | — | 28328 (6 x 10 mL) 28329 (50 mL) 28230 (500 mL) |
| n-Dodecyl-beta-Maltoside | Non-ionic (No) | 98 (avg) | 50,000 | 510 | 0.009% (0.17) | Unknown | 89902 (1 g) 89903 (5 g) |
| Octyl-beta-Glucoside | Non-ionic (Yes) | 27 | 8,000 | 292 | 0.6716-0-7300 (23-25) | >100 | 28310 (5 g) |
| Octylthio Glucoside | Non-ionic (Yes) | — | — | 308 | 0.2772 (9) | >100 | 28351 (5 g) |
| SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) | Anionic (Yes) | 62 | 18,000 | 288 | 0.1728-2304 (6-8) | >100 | 28364 (100 g) 28312 (500 g) |
| CHAPS | Zwitterionic (Yes) | 10 | 6,149 | 615 | 0.4920-0.6150 (8-10) | >100 | 28300 (5 g) 28299 (100 g) |
Selecting a detergent for protein solubilization
In general, non-ionic and zwitterionic detergents are milder and less denaturing than ionic detergents and are used to solubilize membrane proteins where it is critical to maintain protein function and/or retain native protein-protein interactions for enzyme assays or immunoassays. CHAPS, a zwitterionic detergent, and the Triton-X series of non-ionic detergents are commonly used for these purposes. In contrast, ionic detergents are strong solubilizing agents and tend to denature proteins, thereby destroying protein activity and function.
The choice of detergent for cell lysis also depends on sample type. Animal cells, bacteria, and yeast all have different requirements for optimal lysis due to the presence or absence of a cell wall. Because of the dense and complex nature of animal tissues, they require both detergent and mechanical lysis. In addition to the choice of detergent, other important considerations for optimal cell lysis include the buffer, pH, salt concentration, and temperature. Consideration should be given to the compatibility of the chosen detergent with downstream applications. If the detergent used for lysis must be removed, then a dialyzable detergent should be selected.
Detergents for protein extraction and isolation
Detergents are amphipathic molecules containing both a non-polar "tail" having aliphatic or aromatic character, and a polar "head." The ionic character of the polar head group forms the basis for broad classification of detergents; they may be ionic (charged, either anionic or cationic), non-ionic (uncharged), or zwitterionic (having both positively and negatively charged groups, but with a net charge of zero). Detergents are frequently used in cell lysis reagent formulation, for protein solubilization procedures, in wash buffers for ELISA, and for other protein research methods.
Surfact-Amps Detergent Solutions are easy-to-use 10% (w/v) solutions of highly purified detergents that can be utilized in routine and high-demand protein research methods and molecular biology techniques. These formulations provide high purity, quality, and stability. Unlike neat (undiluted) detergents, which are extremely viscous, Surfact-Amps 10% solutions are easy to pipet and can be accurately dispensed. The surfactant solutions are carefully prepared and packaged under nitrogen in glass ampules or non-leaching HDPE bottles, helping to ensure their stability and minimizing the accumulation of peroxides and degradation products.
- Accurate—precise 10% detergent solution in ultrapure water
- Easy-to-use—solution is simple to dispense and dilute for use
- Exceptionally pure—less than 1.0 µeq/mL peroxides and carbonyls
- Stable—packaged under inert nitrogen gas in glass ampules or HDPE bottles
Application notes and technical handbooks
Detergents for Protein Solubilization
| Detergent | Description (Dialyzable) | Aggregation number | Micelle MW | MW | CMC % w/v (mM) | Cloud point (°C) | Cat. No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triton X-100 | Non-ionic (No) | 140 | 90,000 | 647 | 0.0155 (0.24) | 64 | 28314 (6 x 10 mL) 85111 (50 mL) 85112 (250 mL) |
| Triton X-114 | Non-ionic (No) | — | — | 537 | 0.0113 (0.21) | 23 | 28332 (6 x 10 mL) |
| NP-40 | Non-ionic (No) | 149 | 90,000 | 617 | 0.0179 (0.29) | 80 | 28324 (6 x 10 mL) 85124 (50 mL) 85125 (500 mL) |
| Brij-35 | Non-ionic (No) | 40 | 49,000 | 1,225 | 0.1103 (0.09) | >100 | 28316 (6 x 10 mL) 85117 (50 mL) 85118 (500 mL) |
| Brij-58 | Non-ionic (No) | 70 | 82,000 | 1,120 | 0.0086 (0.08) | >100 | 28336 (6 x 10 mL) |
| Tween-20 | Non-ionic (No) | — | — | 1,228 | 0.0074 (0.06) | 95 | 28320 (6 x 10 mL) 85113 (50 mL) 85115 (500 mL) |
| Tween-80 | Non-ionic (No) | 60 | 76,000 | 1,310 | 0.0016 (0.012) | — | 28328 (6 x 10 mL) 28329 (50 mL) 28230 (500 mL) |
| n-Dodecyl-beta-Maltoside | Non-ionic (No) | 98 (avg) | 50,000 | 510 | 0.009% (0.17) | Unknown | 89902 (1 g) 89903 (5 g) |
| Octyl-beta-Glucoside | Non-ionic (Yes) | 27 | 8,000 | 292 | 0.6716-0-7300 (23-25) | >100 | 28310 (5 g) |
| Octylthio Glucoside | Non-ionic (Yes) | — | — | 308 | 0.2772 (9) | >100 | 28351 (5 g) |
| SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) | Anionic (Yes) | 62 | 18,000 | 288 | 0.1728-2304 (6-8) | >100 | 28364 (100 g) 28312 (500 g) |
| CHAPS | Zwitterionic (Yes) | 10 | 6,149 | 615 | 0.4920-0.6150 (8-10) | >100 | 28300 (5 g) 28299 (100 g) |
Selecting a detergent for protein solubilization
In general, non-ionic and zwitterionic detergents are milder and less denaturing than ionic detergents and are used to solubilize membrane proteins where it is critical to maintain protein function and/or retain native protein-protein interactions for enzyme assays or immunoassays. CHAPS, a zwitterionic detergent, and the Triton-X series of non-ionic detergents are commonly used for these purposes. In contrast, ionic detergents are strong solubilizing agents and tend to denature proteins, thereby destroying protein activity and function.
The choice of detergent for cell lysis also depends on sample type. Animal cells, bacteria, and yeast all have different requirements for optimal lysis due to the presence or absence of a cell wall. Because of the dense and complex nature of animal tissues, they require both detergent and mechanical lysis. In addition to the choice of detergent, other important considerations for optimal cell lysis include the buffer, pH, salt concentration, and temperature. Consideration should be given to the compatibility of the chosen detergent with downstream applications. If the detergent used for lysis must be removed, then a dialyzable detergent should be selected.
Detergents for protein extraction and isolation
Detergents are amphipathic molecules containing both a non-polar "tail" having aliphatic or aromatic character, and a polar "head." The ionic character of the polar head group forms the basis for broad classification of detergents; they may be ionic (charged, either anionic or cationic), non-ionic (uncharged), or zwitterionic (having both positively and negatively charged groups, but with a net charge of zero). Detergents are frequently used in cell lysis reagent formulation, for protein solubilization procedures, in wash buffers for ELISA, and for other protein research methods.
Surfact-Amps Detergent Solutions are easy-to-use 10% (w/v) solutions of highly purified detergents that can be utilized in routine and high-demand protein research methods and molecular biology techniques. These formulations provide high purity, quality, and stability. Unlike neat (undiluted) detergents, which are extremely viscous, Surfact-Amps 10% solutions are easy to pipet and can be accurately dispensed. The surfactant solutions are carefully prepared and packaged under nitrogen in glass ampules or non-leaching HDPE bottles, helping to ensure their stability and minimizing the accumulation of peroxides and degradation products.
- Accurate—precise 10% detergent solution in ultrapure water
- Easy-to-use—solution is simple to dispense and dilute for use
- Exceptionally pure—less than 1.0 µeq/mL peroxides and carbonyls
- Stable—packaged under inert nitrogen gas in glass ampules or HDPE bottles
Application notes and technical handbooks
Related products and downstream applications
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.