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Primary XPS region: W4f
Overlapping regions: N/A
Binding energies of common chemical states:
Chemical state | Binding energy W4f7/2 |
---|---|
W metal | 31.6 eV |
WS2 | 32.4 eV |
WO2 | 33.1 eV |
WO3 | 36.1 eV |
Sulfide and oxides charge referenced to adventitious C1s peak at 284.8eV.
N/A
Symbol: W
Date of discovery: 1783
Name origin: Swedish tung sten
Appearance: silver
Discoverer: F. and J. J. de Elhuyar
Obtained from: scheelite, wolframite
Melting point: 3695 K
Boiling point: 5828 K
Density[kg/m3]: 19250
Molar volume: 9.47 × 10-6 m3/mol
Protons/Electrons: 74
Neutrons: 110
Shell structure: 2,8,18,32,12,2
Electron configuration: [Xe]4f145d46s2
Oxidation state: 6,5,4,3,2
Crystal structure: cubic body centered
Tungsten’s symbol, W, originates from its former name "wolfram". Tungsten is found in ores including wolframite, which was named after Peter Wolfe who first hypothesized the existence of tungsten in wolframite. It is extremely resistant to corrosion and forms a protective oxide when exposed to air. The largest use for tungsten is as tungsten carbide used in cemented carbides (wear-resistant materials used in metal working, mining, petroleum, and construction industries). Because it can be made into very thin wires and due to its high melting point, tungsten is applicable in light bulbs, vacuum tube filaments, and electron guns. Tungsten salts are also used in the tanning industry.
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