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Solution and / or compound | Examples | Pipette | Pipette Tip | Pipetting technique | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aqueous solution | Buffers, diluted salt solutions | Air displacement | Standard | Forward | |
Viscous solution | Protein and nucleic acid solutions, glycerol, Tween 20/40/60/80 | Air displacement Positive displacement | Standard or wide orifice, Low Retention Positive displacement | Reverse | Pipette slowly to avoid bubble formation. |
Volatile compounds | Methanol, hexane | Air displacement Positive displacement | Filter/Barrier Positive displacement | Reverse | Pipette rapidly to reduce the effect of evaporation. Carbon filter tips protect the integrity of the pipette by eliminating exposure to harmful vapors. |
Body fluids | Whole blood, serum | Air displacement | Standard or wide orifice tip | Heterogeneous* | Residual liquid can be found on the outer surface of the tip. Wipe the tip against the edge of the vessel to remove this liquid before dispensing. |
Nucleotide solutions | Genomic DNA, PCR products | Air displacement Positive displacement | Filter/Barrier or wide orifice Positive displacement | For genomic DNA wide orifice tips can be used to eliminate mechanical shearing. | |
Radioactive compounds | 14Carbonate, 3H-thymidine | Air displacement Positive displacement | Filter/Barrier Positive displacement | Forward | |
Acids/alkalis | H2SO4, HCI, NaOH | Air displacement | Filter/Barrier | Forward | |
Toxic samples | Air displacement Positive displacement | Filter/Barrier Positive displacement | Forward or reverse |
*With blood or serum reverse technique is another option. During the aspiration and dispensing, use very slow plunger movements. When aspirating, hold the tips in the liquid for a few seconds, after the plunger is in the upper position. Also, when dispensing, move plunger slowly and wait a few seconds when plunger is in the down position.