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Neptunium
Neptunium X-ray photoelectron spectra, neptunium electron configuration, and other elemental information.
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Neptunium • Actinide Rare Earth
Symbol: Np
Date of discovery: 1940
Name origin: planet Neptune
Appearance: silver
Discoverer: E.M. McMillan
Obtained from: man-made
Melting point: 910 K
Boiling point: 4273 K
Density[kg/m3]: 20450
Molar volume: 11.59 × 10-6 m3/mol
Protons/Electrons: 93
Neutrons: 144
Shell structure: 2,8,18,32,22,9,2
Electron configuration: [Rn]5f46d17s2
Oxidation state: 3,4,5,6
Crystal structure: orthorhombic
Neptunium is a silvery metallic element named after the planet Neptune. The first synthetic transuranium element of the actinide series, neptunium was discovered by E. McMillan and P.H. Abelson in 1940 by bombarding uranium with slow-moving neutrons. While neptunium is naturally found in only minute quantities as decay products of transmutation reactions in uranium ores, this ductile element can be extracted in kilogram quantities from nuclear reactors. 237Np, the most stable of 17 isotopic forms, can be used as a component in neutron detection instruments.
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