Search Thermo Fisher Scientific
Search Thermo Fisher Scientific
Primary XPS region: Cl2p
Overlapping regions: Se LMM, As3s
Binding energies of common chemical states:
Chemical state | Binding energy Clp3/2 |
---|---|
Organic Cl | 200 eV |
Metal chloride | ~198.5–199 eV |
Experimental information
Interpretation of XPS spectra
General comments
About this element
Symbol: Cl
Date of discovery: 1774
Name origin: Greek khlôros
Appearance: green
Discoverer: Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Obtained from: salt
Melting point: -100.98 K
Boiling point: -34.6 K
Density[kg/m3]: 3.214
Molar volume: 17.39 × 10-6 m3/mol
Protons/Electrons: 17
Neutrons: 18
Shell structure: 2,8,7
Electron configuration: [Ne]3s23p5
Oxidation state: ±1,3,5,7
Crystal structure: orthorhombic
Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas that combines with nearly all elements. In nature, chlorine is found as the chloride ion that is deposited in the earth or dissolved in oceans. High concentrations of chloride are found in the Dead Sea and about 1.9% of the mass of the world’s sea water is chloride. Chlorine gas was used against humans in World War I as a killing agent. Chlorine is an ingredient in many everyday items and is an important chemical in water purification, disinfectants, and bleach.
Products
To ensure optimal system performance, we provide you access to a world-class network of field service experts, technical support, and certified spare parts.