Search Thermo Fisher Scientific
table of Elements
Cerium
Cerium X-ray photoelectron spectra, cerium electron configuration, and other elemental information.
Join the conversation
Cerium • Lanthanide Rare Earth
Primary XPS region: Ce3d
Overlapping regions: Ba MNN
Binding energies of common chemical states:
| Chemical state | Binding energy Ce3d5/2 |
|---|---|
| Ce(IV) oxide [1] | ~882 eV |
| Ce(III) oxide | ~880 eV |
Experimental information
- Collecting the entire Ce3d region makes data interpretation as straightforward as possible.
Interpretation of XPS spectra
- Ce3d region has well separated spin-orbit components (Δ=18.6eV).
- Each spin-orbit component is further split by multiplet splitting.
- For example, the Ce3d spectrum from a pure CeO2 sample will have six visible components, even though there is only one chemical state.
- The most straightforward method for assigning Ce(III) versus Ce(IV) is to compare the complete Ce3d envelope with reference data (see below).
- Ce(III) and Ce(IV) spectra have different multiplet splitting.
- Ce(IV) has peak at 917eV, which is absent in Ce(III) spectrum.
General comments
- Common oxidation states : Ce(III) and Ce(IV).
Resources
About this element
Symbol: Ce
Date of discovery: 1803
Name origin: Ceres
Appearance: gray
Discoverer: W. von Hisinger
Obtained from: monazite, orthite
Melting point: 1068 K
Boiling point: 3633 K
Density[kg/m3]: 6689
Molar volume: 20.69 × 10-6 m3/mol
Protons/Electrons: 58
Neutrons: 82
Shell structure: 2,8,18,19,9,2
Electron configuration: [Xe]4f15d16s2
Oxidation state: 3,4
Crystal structure: hexagonal
Cerium, named after the dwarf planet Ceres, is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal. It is likely to ignite when scratched with a knife, and can ignite spontaneously in air at 65°C to 80°C. Its flames are toxic. Water should not be used to put out cerium fires, as its reaction with water produces hydrogen gas. Although known as a rare earth metal, cerium is not rare at all. Available in large quantities, cerium is even more abundant than lead. This element is widely used in making aluminum and heat-resistant alloys.
Products
Style Sheet for Instrument Cards Original
Style Sheet for Global Design System
Style Sheet for Komodo Tabs
Style Sheet to change H3 to p with em-h3-header class
Style Sheet to change H2 style to p with em-h2-header class
Style Sheet for Products Table Specifications
Style Sheet for Global Design System
Style Sheet for Komodo Tabs
Style Sheet to change H3 to p with em-h3-header class
Style Sheet to change H2 style to p with em-h2-header class
Style Sheet for Products Table Specifications
Fix for left nav
Style Sheet for Support and Service footer
Style Sheet for Fonts
Style Sheet for Cards
Electron microscopy services for
the materials science
To ensure optimal system performance, we provide you access to a world-class network of field service experts, technical support, and certified spare parts.
