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table of Elements
Rhodium
Rhodium X-ray photoelectron spectra, rhodium electron configuration, and other elemental information.
Rhodium • Transition Metal
Primary XPS region: Rh3d
Overlapping regions: Mg KLL
Binding energies of common chemical states:
| Chemical state | Binding energy Rh3d5/2 |
|---|---|
| Rh metal | 307.6 eV |
| Native oxide | 308.8 eV |
Experimental information
N/A
Interpretation of XPS spectra
- Rh3d region has well-separated spin-orbit components (Δmetal=4.7eV).
- The Coster-Kronig effect is observed, broadening the Rh3d3/2 component compared to Rh3d5/2, and making the Rh3d3/2 component shorter than expected.
- There is a very strong overlap between the Ru3d and C1s regions.
- RhO2 may also have asymmetric peak shapes in some crystalline phases [1].
- RhO2 may also have asymmetric peak shapes in some crystalline phases [1].
Reference
About this element
Symbol: Rh
Date of discovery: 1803
Name origin: Greek rhodon
Appearance: silver-white
Discoverer: William Wollaston
Obtained from: platinum ores
Melting point: 2237 K
Boiling point: 3968 K
Density[kg/m3]: 12450
Molar volume: 8.28 × 10-6 m3/mol
Protons/Electrons: 45
Neutrons: 58
Shell structure: 2,8,18,16,1
Electron configuration: [Kr]4d85s1
Oxidation state: 2,3,4
Crystal structure: cubic
This silvery-white hard transition metal belongs to the platinum group. It has high reflectance and is hard and durable. Rhodium is primarily used as an alloying agent with platinum and iridium to improve high temperature strength and oxidatlion resistance. These metal alloys are employed in furnace windings, electrical contacts, and high temperature resistance wires. As the pure metal, rhodium’s brilliance and resistance to tarnish makes it well suited for plating jewelry. This metal was discovered in 1803 by W. Wollaston and is named from the Greek origin "rhono", meaning rose, after the rosy-colored solution yielded by its salts.
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