Translation Systems

The Basics In Vitro Translation
Description:  The in vitro synthesis of proteins in cell-free extracts is an important tool for molecular biologists and has a variety of applications, including the rapid identification of gene products (e.g., proteomics), localization of mutations through synthesis of truncated gene products, protein folding studies, and incorporation of modified or unnatural amino acids for functional studies.

Phage Polymerase Promoters: Minimal Sequence Requirements
Description: T3, T7 and SP6 RNA polymerase consensus promoter sequences.

Primer Sequences for PCR-generated Translation Templates
Description: The upstream (5') primer sequences to produce PCR products for T7-driven transcription and subsequent translation in a retic lysate and E. coli extract.

Ribosomal Binding Site Sequence Requirements
Description: Consensus sequences for both prokaryotic (Shine-Dalgarno) and eukaryotic (Kozak sequence) ribosome binding sites