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The Gibco ExpiCHO Expression System enables high-titer production of a broad range of recombinant proteins. Since the ExpiCHO kit components have been optimized for high-yield expression in CHO cells, some differences in supernatant clarification and protein purification are to be expected compared to existing transient expression systems utilizing HEK 293 cells (e.g., Gibco Expi293 Expression System). In some instances, vendor-recommended protein A purification protocols have been shown to be suboptimal for use with ExpiCHO supernatant, leading to a faint yellow discoloration of protein A columns over time. Here, an example of an optimized protocol for supernatant clarification and protein A purification is presented for the ExpiCHO Expression System.
Note: For best results, clarification by centrifugation and filtration should be performed prior to freezing ExpiCHO supernatants.
Clarify ExpiCHO supernatants as follows:
It is critical to load the optimal amount of monoclonal antibody (mAb) to achieve maximal purity and to maintain long-term consistency of resin performance. Because the ExpiCHO Expression System expresses many proteins at significantly higher levels than other expression systems, the amount of protein load per volume of resin should first be determined as follows:
For all experimental conditions, the ÄKTA pure L chromatography system was used with linear velocity set to 150 cm/hr, and a residence time of 4 min. Protein A resin was equilibrated with 10 column volumes (CVs), and 28 mg of mAb per mL of resin was loaded. The column was then washed with 10 CVs of equilibration buffer, and elution was performed with 5 CVs of elution buffer. Finally, the column was re-equilibrated to return it to neutral conditions before sanitization for 10 min with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide. Before storage, the column was returned to neutral pH with equilibration buffer and then stored in 20% ethanol at 4°C.
Vendor-recommended (suboptimal) conditions for protein A purification are shown in Table 1. A custom design of experiment (DoE) model was made to determine factor significance and interactions during protein A purification of a human IgG1 (pI 8.68), with the end goal to maximize both monoclonal antibody recovery and impurity removal (Table 1).
Table 1. Comparison of test conditions for the vendor-recommended protocol and the test protocol for protein A purification.
Test condition | Vendor-recommended protein A purification protocol | DoE test condition ranges |
---|---|---|
Binding buffer type | Sodium phosphate | Tris or sodium phosphate |
Binding buffer concentration | 25 mM | 25–100 mM |
Binding buffer pH | 7.4 | 7.1–7.4 |
Elution buffer type | Citrate, pH 3.0 | Citrate or acetate, pH 3.0 |
Elution buffer concentration | 100 mM | 25–100 mM |
Addition of NaCl to binding or elution buffer | Binding buffer only | Binding or elution buffer |
NaCl concentration | 150 mM | 15–150 mM |
Individual DoE models were generated to obtain optimized conditions for both monoclonal antibody recovery and impurity removal. These two models were then merged to generate a final recommended purification protocol that maximized both recovery and impurity removal (Table 2). The data indicated that switching from the vendor-recommended condition of 25 mM sodium phosphate/150 mM NaCl for the binding buffer and 100 mM sodium citrate, pH 3.0 for the elution buffer, to the DoE-optimized conditions of 25 mM Tris/25 mM NaCl in the binding buffer and addition of at least 50–100 mM NaCl to the elution buffer (100 mM of either sodium citrate or sodium acetate, pH 3.0; Table 2), was sufficient to eliminate the impurity that led to the yellow discoloration of the protein A resin. Specifically, resolution of the impurity leading to the discoloration was achieved in the optimized condition (Figure 1 "Post-wash impurities"), whereas the distinct resolution of the impurity was not observed under the vendor-recommended condition (Figure 2).
Table 2. Optimized conditions for protein A purification of protein (mAb) generated using the ExpiCHO Expression System.
Test condition | Optimized factors |
---|---|
Binding buffer type | Tris |
Binding buffer concentration | 25 mM |
Binding buffer pH | 7.1 or 7.4 |
Elution buffer type | Acetate or citrate, pH 3.0 |
Elution buffer concentration | 100 mM |
Addition of NaCl to binding or elution buffer | Binding or elution buffer |
NaCl concentration | 25 mM for binding buffer and 50–100 mM for elution buffer |
Figure 1. Protein A resin elution profile of mAb expressed using ExpiCHO Expression System and purified using optimized conditions.
Figure 2. Protein A resin elution profile of mAb expressed using ExpiCHO Expression System and purified using vendor-recommended conditions.
This application note provides recommendations on supernatant clarification, loading conditions, and buffers for protein A purification of ExpiCHO supernatants. The conditions determined in this study provided optimal product recovery and impurity removal. These conditions may be used as guidance for further optimization of purification conditions specific to particular proteins generated in the ExpiCHO Expression System.
仅供科研使用,不可用于诊断目的。