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Exosome Products for Testing and Research
What are exosomes?
Exosomes are small (30–150 nm) vesicles containing sophisticated RNA and protein cargo, that are constantly secreted by all cells in vitro and in vivo. Exosomes are changing research due to the intriguing functions within the human body, including intercellular communication and signaling. These extracellular vesicles are growing, both in understanding their biological functions and using them towards practical applications such as development of non-invasive diagnostics and advanced therapeutics.
How to extract exosomes for research studies
Dynabeads offers an array of exosome isolation products and tools for characterization and analysis of their RNA and protein content, as well as in vitro and in vivo tracing to help you further the understanding of these fascinating entities. Visit our storefront for other applications using Dynabeads Magnetic Beads.
Exosome isolation for intact exosome analysis
Exosome isolation using Dynabeads
Ultracentrifugation protocols can be tedious and time-consuming. Now it is possible to isolate intact exosomes from cell culture media or any body fluid using the flexible and scalable Total Exosome Isolation reagents. These products and accompanying protocols are ideal for a wide range of experiments, including processing low sample volumes and handling multiple samples.
Isolation of exosome subpopulations
Total exosomes enriched from cell culture (by using the Total Exosome Isolation reagents or ultracentrifugation) can be further purified into specific subpopulations by immunomagnetic capture. Use the Dynabeads-based CD9, CD63, CD81, or EpCam-specific reagent, or combine the Streptavidin reagent with your choice of a biotinylated antibody to purify any population based on a surface antigen.
Intact exosome analysis
Analysis of exosomes is very challenging due to their small size of 30-150 nm. There are a few methods, though, which can be used for intact exosome analysis.
- NanoSight instrument—Exosomes recovered with Total Exosome Isolation reagent can be sized and counted using a NanoSight instrument. Alternative tools are available from ParticleMetrix, Izon, and Malvern.
- Light microscopy—Exosomal RNA or membrane components can be labeled, allowing for visualization of exosomes under the microscope. Invitrogen specialized spin columns are available to remove unincorporated dye. These columns also allow for rapid buffer exchange, desalting, or removal of low molecular weight (< MW 3000) contaminants.
- Electron microscopy (EM)—One of the advantages of using Invitrogen Dynabeads magnetic separation technology to pull out pure exosomal sub-populations is that you can directly perform the EM analysis. You can analyze subsets from total exosomes enriched from cell culture using Invitrogen CD9, CD63, CD81, or EpCam-specific reagent, or use the Invitrogen Streptavidin reagent in combination with your choice of biotinylated antibody.
- Flow cytometry—Immunomagnetic capture of exosomes on the surface of the Dynabeads allow for a clear and defined FFC/SSC detection typically in less than one hour. You can analyze subsets from total exosomes enriched from cell culture using the CD63-specific reagent, or use the Streptavidin reagent in combination with your choice of biotinylated antibody.
Exosome cargo isolation and analysis
Exosomes have been shown to transport a range of molecules between different cell types. Their cargo includes various proteins, mRNA (fragments and full length), rRNA, tRNA, miRNA, and ncRNA.
- RNA & protein isolation—Purification of total RNA, or recovery of both protein and RNA from the same sample of pre-enriched exosomes, can be achieved using the Invitrogen Total Exosome RNA and Protein Isolation Kit. The kit is compatible with all protocols for exosome isolation.
- Protein analysis—Specific monoclonal antibodies (CD9, CD63, and CD81) allow for detection of cellular and exosomal antigens by Western blot analysis. If you are looking to compare multiple protein samples on the same gel and want to keep exosomal protein complexes intact, you should check out the fast and gentle Dynabeads-based immunoprecipitation method using Invitrogen Protein A or Protein G in combination with your primary antibody of choice.
- RNA analysis—Exosomal RNA and membrane components can be labeled using fluorescent dyes, while unincorporated dye can be easily depleted with Invitrogen spin columns. Exosomal RNA recovered using the Total Exosome RNA and Protein Isolation Kit can be analyzed by qRT-PCR using Applied Biosystems TaqMan Assays, RNA sequencing, or next-generation sequencing tools. Exosomal RNA and membrane components can be labeled using fluorescent dyes, while unincorporated dye can be removed by using Invitrogen spin columns.
Exosome-depleted Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)
Gibco exosome-depleted FBS has the highest level of exosome depletion compared to homebrewed material and competitor FBS while retaining the vital nutrients necessary for cell culture. The work of Gibco exosome-depleted FBS has cut inefficiency that comes with ultracentrifugation. Some of the product highlights include:
- ≥90% of exosomes depleted
- Cell culture testing of every lot
- Specially developed for exosome research
Standardization of extracellular vesicles isolation and characterization has been a highly requested need of the International Society of Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) for several years. A highly reproducible method for pull-down and analysis was developed using the KingFisher Flex Purification System in combination with Dynabeads magnetic beads.
See how Dynabeads Exosome products are optimized on the KingFisher
Exosome isolation using Dynabeads
Ultracentrifugation protocols can be tedious and time-consuming. Now it is possible to isolate intact exosomes from cell culture media or any body fluid using the flexible and scalable Total Exosome Isolation reagents. These products and accompanying protocols are ideal for a wide range of experiments, including processing low sample volumes and handling multiple samples.
Isolation of exosome subpopulations
Total exosomes enriched from cell culture (by using the Total Exosome Isolation reagents or ultracentrifugation) can be further purified into specific subpopulations by immunomagnetic capture. Use the Dynabeads-based CD9, CD63, CD81, or EpCam-specific reagent, or combine the Streptavidin reagent with your choice of a biotinylated antibody to purify any population based on a surface antigen.
Intact exosome analysis
Analysis of exosomes is very challenging due to their small size of 30-150 nm. There are a few methods, though, which can be used for intact exosome analysis.
- NanoSight instrument—Exosomes recovered with Total Exosome Isolation reagent can be sized and counted using a NanoSight instrument. Alternative tools are available from ParticleMetrix, Izon, and Malvern.
- Light microscopy—Exosomal RNA or membrane components can be labeled, allowing for visualization of exosomes under the microscope. Invitrogen specialized spin columns are available to remove unincorporated dye. These columns also allow for rapid buffer exchange, desalting, or removal of low molecular weight (< MW 3000) contaminants.
- Electron microscopy (EM)—One of the advantages of using Invitrogen Dynabeads magnetic separation technology to pull out pure exosomal sub-populations is that you can directly perform the EM analysis. You can analyze subsets from total exosomes enriched from cell culture using Invitrogen CD9, CD63, CD81, or EpCam-specific reagent, or use the Invitrogen Streptavidin reagent in combination with your choice of biotinylated antibody.
- Flow cytometry—Immunomagnetic capture of exosomes on the surface of the Dynabeads allow for a clear and defined FFC/SSC detection typically in less than one hour. You can analyze subsets from total exosomes enriched from cell culture using the CD63-specific reagent, or use the Streptavidin reagent in combination with your choice of biotinylated antibody.
Exosome cargo isolation and analysis
Exosomes have been shown to transport a range of molecules between different cell types. Their cargo includes various proteins, mRNA (fragments and full length), rRNA, tRNA, miRNA, and ncRNA.
- RNA & protein isolation—Purification of total RNA, or recovery of both protein and RNA from the same sample of pre-enriched exosomes, can be achieved using the Invitrogen Total Exosome RNA and Protein Isolation Kit. The kit is compatible with all protocols for exosome isolation.
- Protein analysis—Specific monoclonal antibodies (CD9, CD63, and CD81) allow for detection of cellular and exosomal antigens by Western blot analysis. If you are looking to compare multiple protein samples on the same gel and want to keep exosomal protein complexes intact, you should check out the fast and gentle Dynabeads-based immunoprecipitation method using Invitrogen Protein A or Protein G in combination with your primary antibody of choice.
- RNA analysis—Exosomal RNA and membrane components can be labeled using fluorescent dyes, while unincorporated dye can be easily depleted with Invitrogen spin columns. Exosomal RNA recovered using the Total Exosome RNA and Protein Isolation Kit can be analyzed by qRT-PCR using Applied Biosystems TaqMan Assays, RNA sequencing, or next-generation sequencing tools. Exosomal RNA and membrane components can be labeled using fluorescent dyes, while unincorporated dye can be removed by using Invitrogen spin columns.
Exosome-depleted Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)
Gibco exosome-depleted FBS has the highest level of exosome depletion compared to homebrewed material and competitor FBS while retaining the vital nutrients necessary for cell culture. The work of Gibco exosome-depleted FBS has cut inefficiency that comes with ultracentrifugation. Some of the product highlights include:
- ≥90% of exosomes depleted
- Cell culture testing of every lot
- Specially developed for exosome research
Standardization of extracellular vesicles isolation and characterization has been a highly requested need of the International Society of Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) for several years. A highly reproducible method for pull-down and analysis was developed using the KingFisher Flex Purification System in combination with Dynabeads magnetic beads.
See how Dynabeads Exosome products are optimized on the KingFisher
Ordering information for exosome products
We asked 10 prominent scientists to share their thoughts on exosomes research.
Video presentation: RNA Profiling of Exosomes
Presentation by Thermo Fisher Scientific scientist Sasha Vlassov. Includes a Q&A session following the presentation.
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For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.