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Cytokine Pathways | Growth Factor Pathways
Browse cytokine and growth factor signaling pathways
Growth factors and cytokines exert their effects via signaling pathways that transmit the initial receptor-binding signal from the cell surface to the nucleus, resulting in gene expression. Cytokines drive and balance the adaptive and innate immune responses, whereas growth factors control many developmental processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Explore growth factor and cytokine pathways by clicking the pathway names below.
BMP Pathway
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a large subclass of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily.
Cytokine Network
Cytokines have been classified on the basis of their biological responses into pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, depending on their effects on immunocytes.
FGF Pathway
One of the most well characterized modulators of angiogenesis is the heparin-binding fibroblast growth factor (FGF).
IL-2 Gene Expression in Activated and Quiescent T-Cells
IL-2 is a cytokine that stimulates the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of T-cells, B-cells, NK cells, and other immune cells.
IL-6 Pathway
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that affects the immune system and many physiological events in various organs.
IL-10 Pathway
IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine with important immunoregulatory functions and whose activities influence many immune cell types.
IL-22 Pathway
IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines and exerts multiple effects on the immune system.
Interferon Pathway
Interferons are pleiotropic cytokines best known for their ability to induce cellular resistance to viral infection.
RANK Pathway
RANKL and its receptor RANK are key regulators of bone remodeling, and are essential for the development and activation of osteoclasts.
RANK Signaling in Osteoclasts
RANKL induces the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells and stimulates the resorption function and survival of mature osteoclasts.
TGF-Beta Pathway
Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family play an important role in the development, homeostasis, and repair of most tissues.
TNF Signaling Pathway
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine with effects on lipid metabolism, coagulation, insulin resistance, and endothelial function.
TNF Superfamily Pathway
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily consists of 19 members that signal through 29 receptors that are members of the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily.
TWEAK Pathway
TWEAK is a cell surface-associated protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and has multiple biological activities.
VEGF Family of Ligands and Receptor Interactions
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a highly-conserved genetic pathway that has evolved from simple to complex systems.
Antibodies Resource Library
Access a targeted collection of scientific application notes, methods, and cell signaling charts.