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Terbium
Terbium X-ray photoelectron spectra, terbium electron configuration, and other elemental information.
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Terbium • Lanthanide Rare Earth
Primary XPS region: Tb4d
Overlapping regions: N/A
Binding energies of common chemical states: N/A
Experimental information
N/A
Interpretation of XPS spectra
N/A
About this element
Symbol: Tb
Date of discovery: 1843
Name origin: Ytterby, Sweden
Appearance: silvery white
Discoverer: Carl Gustaf Musander
Obtained from: cerite, gadolinite, monazite
Melting point: 1360 K
Boiling point: 3230 K
Density[kg/m3]: 8.23
Molar volume: 19.30 × 10-6 m3/mol
Protons/Electrons: 65
Neutrons: 94
Shell structure: 2,8,18,27,8,2
Electron configuration: [Xe]4f96s2
Oxidation state: 3,4
Crystal structure: hexagonal
Terbium is a silvery-white, rare earth metal found in cerite, gadolinite, and monazite. This element was discovered by Swedish chemist Gustav Mosander, who also discovered lanthanum and erbium. Soft enough to be cut with a knife, terbium melts at 1356°C. Until the recent advent of ion exchange techniques, it had never been isolated in pure form. Sodium terbium borate is used as a laser material and emits coherent light at 0.546 μm. In fuel cells, terbium is often combined with zirconium oxide to stabilize crystals at elevated temperatures.
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