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Technical Reference Library
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The Molecular Probes Handbook
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List of Tables
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List of Tables
Molecular Probes amine-reactive dyes—Table 1.1
Active esters and kits for labeling proteins and nucleic acids—Table 1.2
Molecular Probes kits for protein and nucleic acid labeling—Table 1.3
Alexa Fluor active esters and kits for labeling proteins and nucleic acids—Table 1.4
Fluorescence quantum yields (QY) and lifetimes (τ) for Alexa Fluor dyes—Table 1.5
R<0> values for some Alexa Fluor dyes—Table 1.6
Amine-reactive BODIPY dyes—Table 1.7
Amine-reactive xanthene derivatives—Table 1.8
Amine-reactive, orange- and red-fluorescent fluorophores—Table 1.9
Molecular Probes nonfluorescent quenchers and photosensitizers—Table 1.10
R<0> values for QSY and dabcyl quenchers—Table 1.11
Amine-reactive, ultraviolet light–excitable fluorophores for labeling proteins and nucleic acids—Table 1.12
Amine-reactive, environment-sensitive fluorophores—Table 1.13
Molecular Probes thiol-reactive dyes excited with visible light—Table 2.1
Molecular Probes thiol-reactive dyes excited with ultraviolet light—Table 2.2
Molecular Probes azide and alkyne derivatives—Table 3.1
Molecular Probes hydrazine, hydroxylamine and amine derivatives—Table 3.2
Biotinylation and desthiobiotinylation reagents—Table 4.1
Selected haptenylation reagents and their anti-hapten antibodies—Table 4.2
Sensitivity of the FluoReporter Biotin Quantitation Assay Kit for biotinylated nucleic acids with varying degrees of biotinylation—Table 4.3
Molecular Probes heterobifunctional crosslinkers—Table 5.1
Properties of six different caging groups—Table 5.2
Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA) Kits—Table 6.1
Spectral data for B-PE, R-PE and APC—Table 6.2
Tandem conjugates of R-phycoerythrin (R-PE)—Table 6.3
Tandem conjugates of allophycocyanin (APC)—Table 6.4
Molecular Probes yellow-green–fluorescent FluoSpheres beads compared with other commercially available yellow-green–fluorescent microspheres—Table 6.5
Fluorescein equivalents in Molecular Probes yellow-green–fluorescent FluoSpheres beads—Table 6.6
Summary of FluoSpheres fluorescent microspheres—Table 6.7
Summary of biotin-, streptavidin- and NeutrAvidin biotin-binding protein–labeled FluoSpheres microspheres—Table 6.8
Summary of TransFluoSpheres fluorescent microspheres—Table 6.9
Extinction coefficients of Qdot nanocrystal streptavidin conjugates at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths—Table 6.10
Qdot nanocrystal secondary antibody conjugates—Table 6.11
Qdot nanocrystal anti–human CD antibody conjugates—Table 6.12
Summary of Molecular Probes secondary antibody conjugates—Table 7.1
Molecular Probes goat anti-mouse isotype-specific antibodies—Table 7.2
Alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase enzyme conjugates—Table 7.3
Fluorescent dyes successfully tested with the Image-iT FX signal enhancer—Table 7.4
NANOGOLD, Alexa Fluor FluoroNanogold and colloidal gold conjugates—Table 7.5
Binding profiles of protein A and protein G—Table 7.6
Zenon Antibody Labeling Kits—Table 7.7
Anti-fluorophore and anti-hapten antibodies—Table 7.8
Molecular Probes avidin, streptavidin, NeutrAvidin and CaptAvidin conjugates—Table 7.9
Molecular Probes lectin conjugates—Table 7.10
Specialty nucleic acid reagents for molecular biology—Table 8.1
Cell membrane–impermeant cyanine nucleic acid stains—Table 8.2
Cell-permeant cyanine nucleic acid stains—Table 8.3
Properties of classic nucleic acid stains—Table 8.4
Molecular Probes ChromaTide and aha labeled nucleotides—Table 8.5
Molecular Probes nucleic acid labeling kits—Table 8.6
Amine-reactive dyes for nucleic acid sequencing—Table 8.7
Selection guide for the Qubit and Quant-iT Assay Kits—Table 8.8
A comparison of reagents for detecting and quantitating proteins in solution—Table 9.1
SYPRO and Coomassie Fluor luminescent and fluorescent protein gel stains—Table 9.2
Molecular Probes fluorescent and luminescent protein blot stains—Table 9.3
Pro-Q Diamond gel stain reagents and kits—Table 9.4
Pro-Q Emerald glycoprotein stain kits for gels and for blots—Table 9.5
Glycosidase enzymes and their fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates—Table 10.1
Rhodamine 110–based bis-peptide substrates—Table 10.2
RediPlate Assay Kits—Table 10.3
Detection limits of the EnzChek Protease Assay Kits—Table 10.4
Advantages of the Amplex UltraRed reagent over chromogenic reagents—Table 10.5
CellLight reagents and their targeting sequences—Table 11.1
Spectral characteristics of Molecular Probes actin-selective probes—Table 11.2
Molecular Probes fluorescent organelle stains—Table 12.1
Spectral characteristics of the MitoTracker probes—Table 12.2
Summary of our LysoTracker and LysoSensor probes—Table 12.3
Phospholipids with labeled head groups—Table 13.1
Spectral properties of some lipid probes—Table 13.2
Techniques for loading molecules into the cytoplasm—Table 14.1
Fluorescence characteristics of NeuroTrace fluorescent Nissl stains—Table 14.2
Summary of our lipophilic carbocyanine and aminostyryl tracers—Table 14.3
Molecular Probes dextran conjugates—Table 14.4
FluoSpheres microspheres for blood flow determination—Table 14.5
FluoSpheres blood flow and color kits—Table 14.6
FluoSpheres and TransFluoSpheres microspheres for tracing—Table 14.7
Molecular Probes europium and platinum luminescent FluoSpheres microspheres—Table 14.8
Esterase substrates for cell viability studies—Table 15.1
Molecular Probes assay kits for cell viability, cell counting and bacterial gram staining—Table 15.2
Some organisms that have been successfully stained with our LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kits—Table 15.3
Molecular Probes apoptosis assay kits—Table 15.4
Fluorogenic substrates for caspase activity—Table 15.5
Fluorescent detection reagents for imaging mitochondria and lysosomes—Table 15.6
Fluorescent lipopolysaccharide conjugates—Table 16.1
Transferrin conjugates—Table 16.2
BioParticles fluorescent bacteria and yeast—Table 16.3
Labeled and unlabeled alpha-bungarotoxins—Table 16.4
Kinase assay platforms—Table 17.1
Spectroscopic properties of MANT-ATP in aqueous solution (pH 8)—Table 17.2
Fluorescence-based phospholipase assays—Table 17.3
Reactive oxygen species—Table 18.1
Scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—Table 18.2
Tetrazolium salts for detecting redox potential in living cells and tissues—Table 18.3
Fluorescence response of APF, HPF and H2DCFDA to various reactive oxygen species (ROS)—Table 18.4
Summary of Molecular Probes fluorescent Ca2+ indicators—Table 19.1
Comparison of in vitro and in situ Kd values for various Ca2+ indicators—Table 19.2
Parallel performance comparison of fluo-3 and fluo-4 on Molecular Devices FLIPR system—Table 19.3
Coelenterazines and their properties—Table 19.4
Response of fura-2 and indo-1 to some divalent cations other than Ca2+ and Mg2+—Table 19.5
Fluorescent indicators for Zn2+—Table 19.6
Ca2+ affinities of BAPTA chelators—Table 19.7
Molecular Probes pH indicator families, in order of decreasing pKa—Table 20.1
Summary of the pH response of our LysoSensor probes—Table 20.2
Molecular Probes pH indicator dextrans, in order of decreasing pKa—Table 20.3
Reactive pH indicator dyes—Table 20.4
Characteristics and selected applications of Molecular Probes fast-response probes—Table 22.1
Characteristics and selected applications of Molecular Probes slow-response probes—Table 22.2
Spectral characteristics of Molecular Probes dyes—Table 23.1
Fluorescence excitation sources—Table 23.2
Contents of FocalCheck fluorescence microscope test slides—Table 23.3
Spectroscopic data for components of the Reference Dye Sampler Kit—Table 23.4
CultureWell cell culture systems and chambered coverslips—Table 23.5
CoverWell chamber gaskets—Table 23.6
Press-to-Seal gaskets and Secure-Seal spacers—Table 23.7
Tools for hybridization experiments—Table 23.8
Spectral characteristics of Cell Sorting Set-Up Beads—Table 23.9
Molecular Probes Handbook
Table of Contents
Fluorescence Fundamentals
Chapter 1—Fluorophores and Their Amine-Reactive Derivatives
Chapter 2—Thiol-Reactive Probes
Chapter 3—Click Chemistry and other Functional Group Modifications
Chapter 4—Biotin and Hapten Derivatives
Chapter 5—Crosslinking and Photoactivatable Reagents
Chapter 6—Ultrasensitive Detection Technology
Chapter 7—Antibodies, Avidins and Lectins
Chapter 8—Nucleic Acid Detection and Analysis
Chapter 9—Protein Detection and Analysis
Chapter 10—Enzyme Substrates and Assays
Chapter 11—Probes for Cytoskeletal Proteins
Chapter 12—Probes for Organelles
Chapter 13—Probes for Lipids and Membranes
Chapter 14—Fluorescent Tracers of Cell Morphology and Fluid Flow
Chapter 15—Assays for Cell Viability, Proliferation and Function
Chapter 16—Probes for Endocytosis, Receptors and Ion Channels
Chapter 17—Probes for Signal Transduction
Chapter 18—Probes for Reactive Oxygen Species, Including Nitric Oxide
Chapter 19—Indicators for Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Other Metal Ions
Chapter 20—pH Indicators
Chapter 21—Indicators for Na+, K+, Cl– and Miscellaneous Ions
Chapter 22—Probes for Membrane Potential
Chapter 23—Antifades and Other Tools for Fluorescence Applications
List of Tables
Technical Notes and Product Highlights
Chapter 1
Molecular Probes amine-reactive dyes—Table 1.1
Active esters and kits for labeling proteins and nucleic acids—Table 1.2
Molecular Probes kits for protein and nucleic acid labeling—Table1.3
Alexa Fluor active esters and kits for labeling proteins and nucleic acids—Table 1.4
Fluorescence quantum yields (QY) and lifetimes (τ) for Alexa Fluor dyes—Table 1.5
R
0
values for some Alexa Fluor dyes—Table 1.6
Amine-reactive BODIPY dyes—Table 1.7
Amine-reactive xanthene derivatives—Table 1.8
Amine-reactive, orange- and red-fluorescent fluorophores—Table 1.9
Molecular Probes nonfluorescent quenchers and photosensitizers—Table 1.10
R
0
values for QSY and dabcyl quenchers—Table 1.11
Amine-reactive, ultraviolet light–excitable fluorophores for labeling proteins and nucleic acids—Table 1.12
Amine-reactive, environment-sensitive fluorophores—Table 1.13
Chapter 2
Molecular Probes thiol-reactive dyes excited with visible light—Table 2.1
Molecular Probes thiol-reactive dyes excited with ultraviolet light—Table 2.2
Chapter 3
Molecular Probes azide and alkyne derivatives—Table 3.1
Molecular Probes hydrazine, hydroxylamine and amine derivatives—Table 3.2
Chapter 4
Biotinylation and desthiobiotinylation reagents—Table 4.1
Selected haptenylation reagents and their anti-hapten antibodies—Table 4.2
Sensitivity of the FluoReporter Biotin Quantitation Assay Kit for biotinylated nucleic acids with varying degrees of biotinylation—Table 4.3
Chapter 5
Molecular Probes heterobifunctional crosslinkers—Table 5.1
Properties of six different caging groups—Table 5.2
Chapter 6
Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA) Kits—Table 6.1
Spectral data for B-PE, R-PE and APC—Table 6.2
Tandem conjugates of R-phycoerythrin (R-PE)—Table 6.3
Tandem conjugates of allophycocyanin (APC)—Table 6.4
Molecular Probes yellow-green–fluorescent FluoSpheres beads compared with other commercially available yellow-green–fluorescent microspheres—Table 6.5
Fluorescein equivalents in Molecular Probes yellow-green–fluorescent FluoSpheres beads—Table 6.6
Summary of FluoSpheres fluorescent microspheres—Table 6.7
Summary of biotin-, streptavidin- and NeutrAvidin biotin-binding protein–labeled FluoSpheres microspheres—Table 6.8
Summary of TransFluoSpheres fluorescent microspheres—Table 6.9
Extinction coefficients of Qdot nanocrystal streptavidin conjugates at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths—Table 6.10
Qdot nanocrystal secondary antibody conjugates—Table 6.11
Qdot nanocrystal anti–human CD antibody conjugates—Table 6.12
Chapter 7
Summary of Molecular Probes secondary antibody conjugates—Table 7.1
Molecular Probes goat anti-mouse isotype-specific antibodies—Table 7.2
Alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase enzyme conjugates—Table 7.3
Fluorescent dyes successfully tested with the Image-iT FX signal enhancer—Table 7.4
NANOGOLD, Alexa Fluor FluoroNanogold and colloidal gold conjugates—Table 7.5
Binding profiles of protein A and protein G—Table 7.6
Zenon Antibody Labeling Kits—Table 7.7
Anti-fluorophore and anti-hapten antibodies—Table 7.8
Molecular Probes avidin, streptavidin, NeutrAvidin and CaptAvidin conjugates—Table 7.9
Molecular Probes lectin conjugates—Table 7.10
Chapter 8
Specialty nucleic acid reagents for molecular biology—Table 8.1
Cell membrane–impermeant cyanine nucleic acid stains—Table 8.2
Cell-permeant cyanine nucleic acid stains—Table 8.3
Properties of classic nucleic acid stains—Table 8.4
Characteristics of Molecular Probes ChromaTide and aha labeled nucleotides—Table 8.5
Molecular Probes nucleic acid labeling kits—Table 8.6
Amine-reactive dyes for nucleic acid sequencing—Table 8.7
Selection guide for the Qubit and Quant-iT Assay Kits—Table 8.8
Chapter 9
A comparison of reagents for detecting and quantitating proteins in solution—Table 9.1
SYPRO and Coomassie Fluor luminescent and fluorescent protein gel stains—Table 9.2
Molecular Probes fluorescent and luminescent protein blot stains—Table 9.3
Pro-Q Diamond gel stain reagents and kits—Table 9.4
Pro-Q Emerald glycoprotein stain kits for gels and for blots—Table 9.5
Chapter 10
Glycosidase enzymes and their fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates—Table 10.1
Rhodamine 110–based bis-peptide substrates—Table 10.2
RediPlate Assay Kits—Table 10.3
Detection limits of the EnzChek Protease Assay Kits—Table 10.4
Advantages of the Amplex UltraRed reagent over chromogenic reagents—Table 10.5
Chapter 11
CellLight reagents and their targeting sequences—Table 11.1
Spectral characteristics of Molecular Probes actin-selective probes—Table 11.2
Chapter 12
Molecular Probes fluorescent organelle stains—Table 12.1
Spectral characteristics of the MitoTracker probes—Table 12.2
Summary of the LysoTracker and LysoSensor probes—Table 12.3
Chapter 13
Phospholipids with labeled head groups—Table 13.1
Spectral properties of some lipid probes—Table 13.2
Chapter 14
Techniques for loading molecules into the cytoplasm—Table 14.1
Fluorescence characteristics of NeuroTrace fluorescent Nissl stains—Table 14.2
Summary of Molecular Probes lipophilic carbocyanine and aminostyryl tracers—Table 14.3
Molecular Probes dextran conjugates—Table 14.4
FluoSpheres microspheres for blood flow determination—Table 14.5
FluoSpheres blood flow and color kits—Table 14.6
FluoSpheres and TransFluoSpheres microspheres for tracing—Table 14.7
Molecular Probes europium and platinum luminescent FluoSpheres microspheres—Table 14.8
Chapter 15
Esterase substrates for cell viability studies—Table 15.1
Molecular Probes assay kits for cell viability, cell counting and bacterial gram staining—Table 15.2
Some organisms that have been successfully stained with our LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kits—Table 15.3
Molecular Probes apoptosis assay kits—Table 15.4
Fluorogenic substrates for caspase activity—Table 15.5
Fluorescent detection reagents for imaging mitochondria and lysosomes—Table 15.6
Chapter 16
Fluorescent lipopolysaccharide conjugates—Table 16.1
Transferrin conjugates—Table 16.2
BioParticles fluorescent bacteria and yeast—Table 16.3
Labeled and unlabeled alpha-bungarotoxins—Table 16.4
Chapter 17
Invitrogen kinase assay platforms—Table 17.1
Spectroscopic properties of MANT-ATP in aqueous solution (pH 8)—Table 17.2
Fluorescence-based phospholipase assays—Table 17.3
Chapter 18
Reactive oxygen species—Table 18.1
Scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—Table 18.2
Tetrazolium salts for detecting redox potential in living cells and tissues—Table 18.3
Fluorescence response of APF, HPF and H2DCFDA to various reactive oxygen species (ROS)—Table 18.4
Chapter 19
Summary of Molecular Probes fluorescent Ca2+ indicators—Table 19.1
Comparison of in vitro and in situ Kd values for various Ca2+ indicators—Table 19.2
Parallel performance comparison of fluo-3 and fluo-4 on Molecular Devices FLIPR system—Table 19.3
Coelenterazines and their properties—Table 19.4
Response of fura-2 and indo-1 to some divalent cations other than Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
—Table 19.5
Fluorescent indicators for Zn
2+
—Table 19.6
Ca2+ affinities of BAPTA chelators—Table 19.7
Chapter 20
Molecular Probes pH indicator families, in order of decreasing pKa—Table 20.1
Summary of the pH response of LysoSensor probes—Table 20.2
Molecular Probes pH indicator dextrans, in order of decreasing pKa—Table 20.3
Reactive pH indicator dyes—Table 20.4
Chapter 22
Characteristics and selected applications of Molecular Probes fast-response probes—Table 22.1
Characteristics and selected applications of Molecular Probes slow-response probes—Table 22.2
Chapter 23
Spectral characteristics of Molecular Probes dyes—Table 23.1
Fluorescence excitation sources—Table 23.2
Contents of FocalCheck fluorescence microscope tests slides—Table 23.3
Spectroscopic data for components of the Reference Dye Sampler Kit—Table 23.4
CultureWell cell culture systems and chambered coverslips—Table 23.5
CoverWell chamber gaskets—Table 23.6
Press-to-Seal gaskets and Secure-Seal spacers—Table 23.7
Tools for hybridization experiments—Table 23.8
Spectral characteristics of Cell Sorting Set-Up Beads—Table 23.9
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.